Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kīkaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ikos, related to Proto-Italic *kaikos, in which case it would be a doublet of *haihaz (“one-eyed”).

Perhaps related to German gucken (“to watch, look”), but this word is itself of obscure origin.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkiː.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kīkaną

to look, peep

Inflection

Conjugation of *kīkaną (strong class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*kīkō	*kīkaų	—	*kīkai	?
2nd singular	*kīkizi	*kīkaiz	*kīk	*kīkazai	*kīkaizau
3rd singular	*kīkidi	*kīkai	*kīkadau	*kīkadai	*kīkaidau
1st dual	*kīkōz	*kīkaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kīkadiz	*kīkaidiz	*kīkadiz	—	—
1st plural	*kīkamaz	*kīkaim	—	*kīkandai	*kīkaindau
2nd plural	*kīkid	*kīkaid	*kīkid	*kīkandai	*kīkaindau
3rd plural	*kīkandi	*kīkain	*kīkandau	*kīkandai	*kīkaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kaik	*kikį̄
2nd singular	*kaiht	*kikīz
3rd singular	*kaik	*kikī
1st dual	*kikū	*kikīw
2nd dual	*kikudiz	*kikīdiz
1st plural	*kikum	*kikīm
2nd plural	*kikud	*kikīd
3rd plural	*kikun	*kikīn

	present	past
participles	*kīkandz	*kikanaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kīkan
- ⇒ Old Frisian: *kīkia
  - West Frisian: kytse
  - Saterland Frisian: kiekje
- Old Saxon: kīkan
  - Middle Low German: kîken
    - Low German: kieken
      - → Dutch: kieken
    - Plautdietsch: kjikjen
    - → Middle English: kiken, keken, kyken
      - Scots: keek
      - English: keek
    - → German: kieken
    - → Icelandic: kíkja
    - → Faroese: kika
    - → Norn: kika
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: kikke
    - → Swedish: kika
      - → Finnish: tsiigata
    - → Danish: kigge, kikke, kige (dialect)
    - → Gutnish: keike, keik', keika
- Old Dutch: *kīcan
  - Middle Dutch: kiken
    - Dutch: kijken
      - Afrikaans: kyk
→ Estonian: kiikama

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