< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnīpaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kneybʰ-. The root final -p was adopted from the iterative *hnippōną.

Likely related to *knīpaną, but it's unclear how the variation of the initial consonant arose.

Verb

*hnīpaną[1][2]

  1. to pinch, to squeeze

Inflection
Conjugation of *hnīpaną (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hnīpō*hnīpaų—*hnīpai ?
2nd singular *hnīpizi*hnīpaiz*hnīp*hnīpazai*hnīpaizau
3rd singular *hnīpidi*hnīpai*hnīpadau*hnīpadai*hnīpaidau
1st dual *hnīpōz*hnīpaiw———
2nd dual *hnīpadiz*hnīpaidiz*hnīpadiz——
1st plural *hnīpamaz*hnīpaim—*hnīpandai*hnīpaindau
2nd plural *hnīpid*hnīpaid*hnīpid*hnīpandai*hnīpaindau
3rd plural *hnīpandi*hnīpain*hnīpandau*hnīpandai*hnīpaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hnaip*hnipį̄
2nd singular *hnaift*hnipīz
3rd singular *hnaip*hnipī
1st dual *hnipū*hnipīw
2nd dual *hnipudiz*hnipīdiz
1st plural *hnipum*hnipīm
2nd plural *hnipud*hnipīd
3rd plural *hnipun*hnipīn
present past
participles *hnīpandz*hnipanaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hnīpan
    • Old Saxon: *hnīpan
    • Old Dutch: *nīpen

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hnīpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 235
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xnīpanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 180
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