< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hamjaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From either Proto-Indo-European *kem- (“to press”) or *ḱem- (“to cover; skin ~ clothing”). Compare *hamô (“covering, skin”) and *hamiþiją (“shirt”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxɑm.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
Conjugation
Conjugation of *hamjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hamjō | *hamjaų | — | *hamjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hamisi | *hamjais | *hami | *hamjasai | *hamjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *hamiþi | *hamjai | *hamjaþau | *hamjaþai | *hamjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *hamjōs | *hamjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hamjaþiz | *hamjaiþiz | *hamjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hamjamaz | *hamjaim | — | *hamjanþai | *hamjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *hamiþ | *hamjaiþ | *hamiþ | *hamjanþai | *hamjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *hamjanþi | *hamjain | *hamjanþau | *hamjanþai | *hamjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hamidǭ | *hamidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hamidēz | *hamidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hamidē | *hamidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hamidēdū | *hamidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hamidēdudiz | *hamidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hamidēdum | *hamidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hamidēdud | *hamidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hamidēdun | *hamidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hamjandz | *hamidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hammjan
- Old English: *hemman
- Old Frisian: hemma
- Old Saxon: *hemmian
- Old Dutch: *hemmen (attested as chamian)
- Old High German: *hemmen (in gihemmen)
- Middle High German: hemmen
- German: hemmen
- → Polish: hamować (borrowing from Middle High German hamen < Old High German *hamōn, a related word)
- Middle High German: hemmen
- Old Norse: hemja
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*haman-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 206: “*hamjan-”
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xam(m)janan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 158
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