< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hammjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hamjaną.

Verb

*hammjan

  1. to press, pinch
  2. to obstruct, restrict, restrain, hinder, hamper
  3. to hem in, inclose

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *hammjan
1st sg. past *hamidā
Infinitive *hammjan
Genitive infin. *hammjannjas
Dative infin. *hammjannjē
Instrum. infin. *hammjannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *hammju *hamidā
2nd singular *hamisi *hamidēs, *hamidōs
3rd singular *hamiþi *hamidē, *hamidā
1st plural *hammjum *hamidum
2nd plural *hamiþ *hamidud
3rd plural *hammjanþ *hamidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *hammjē *hamidī
2nd singular *hammjēs *hamidī
3rd singular *hammjē *hamidī
1st plural *hammjēm *hamidīm
2nd plural *hammjēþ *hamidīd
3rd plural *hammjēn *hamidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *hami
Plural *hamiþ
Present Past
Participle *hammjandī *hamid

Descendants

  • Old English: *hemman
    • Middle English: hemmen (alternatively derived from the noun)
  • Old Frisian: hemma
  • Old Saxon: *hemmian
  • Old Dutch: *hemmen (attested as chamian)
  • Old High German: *hemmen (in gihemmen)
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