< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/halþijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *halþaz (“sloping, inclined”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑl.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*halþijaną[1][2]

  1. to make incline, tilt, incline

Inflection
Conjugation of *halþijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *halþijō*halþijaų—*halþijai ?
2nd singular *halþīsi*halþijais*halþī*halþijasai*halþijaisau
3rd singular *halþīþi*halþijai*halþijaþau*halþijaþai*halþijaiþau
1st dual *halþijōs*halþijaiw———
2nd dual *halþijaþiz*halþijaiþiz*halþijaþiz——
1st plural *halþijamaz*halþijaim—*halþijanþai*halþijainþau
2nd plural *halþīþ*halþijaiþ*halþīþ*halþijanþai*halþijainþau
3rd plural *halþijanþi*halþijain*halþijanþau*halþijanþai*halþijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *halþidǭ*halþidēdį̄
2nd singular *halþidēz*halþidēdīz
3rd singular *halþidē*halþidēdī
1st dual *halþidēdū*halþidēdīw
2nd dual *halþidēdudiz*halþidēdīdiz
1st plural *halþidēdum*halþidēdīm
2nd plural *halþidēdud*halþidēdīd
3rd plural *halþidēdun*halþidēdīn
present past
participles *halþijandz*halþidaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *halþijan
    • Old English: hieldan
    • Old Saxon: *heldian
    • Old Dutch: *helden
      • Middle Dutch: helden
        • Dutch: hellen (d reinterpreted as an ending)
    • Old High German: helden
  • Old Norse: hella

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*halþa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 205: “*halþjan- - *haldjan-”
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xalþjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 157
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.