< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gruppōną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *gʰr̥bʰnéh₂-, with remodeling based on its strong verb, an iterative formation to *grabaną (“to dig”). Related to Sanskrit गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇāti, “to seize, lay hold of”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣrup.pɔː.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *gruppōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *gruppō | *gruppǭ | — | *gruppōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *gruppōsi | *gruppōs | *gruppō | *gruppōsai | *gruppōsau |
| 3rd singular | *gruppōþi | *gruppō | *gruppōþau | *gruppōþai | *gruppōþau |
| 1st dual | *gruppōs | *gruppōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *gruppōþiz | *gruppōþiz | *gruppōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *gruppōmaz | *gruppōm | — | *gruppōnþai | *gruppōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *gruppōþ | *gruppōþ | *gruppōþ | *gruppōnþai | *gruppōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *gruppōnþi | *gruppōn | *gruppōnþau | *gruppōnþai | *gruppōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *gruppōdǭ | *gruppōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *gruppōdēz | *gruppōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *gruppōdē | *gruppōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *gruppōdēdū | *gruppōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *gruppōdēdudiz | *gruppōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *gruppōdēdum | *gruppōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *gruppōdēdud | *gruppōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *gruppōdēdun | *gruppōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *gruppōndz | *gruppōdaz | |||
Descendants
The original paradigm of singular *grupp- against non-singular *grub-, allowed for different leveling among the daughter languages.
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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