< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aljaz
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑl.jɑz/
Inflection
Declension of *aljaz (ja-stem, strong only)
strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
nominative | *aljaz | *aljai | *aljō | *aljôz | *alją, *-at(ō) | *aljō |
accusative | *aljanǭ | *aljanz | *aljǭ | *aljōz | *alją, *-at(ō) | *aljō |
genitive | *aljas, *alis | *aljaizǫ̂ | *aljaizōz | *aljaizǫ̂ | *aljas, *alis | *aljaizǫ̂ |
dative | *aljammai | *aljaimaz | *aljaizōi | *aljaimaz | *aljammai | *aljaimaz |
instrumental | *aljanō | *aljaimiz | *aljaizō | *aljaimiz | *aljanō | *aljaimiz |
Derived terms
- *aljǭ (“concubine; woman other than man’s main wife”)
Related terms
Descendants
Among most descendants, only the genitive survives as an adverb *aljas (“other, else”), or in other formations (*aljô (“otherwise, or”), *aljalīkô (“otherwise”)) or compounds, e.g., *aljalandijaz ~ *alilandijaz ~ *aljalandiją (“foreign country”).
- Proto-West Germanic: *alljas
- Old English: ele-, el-
- Old Saxon: eli-
- Old Dutch: eli-, ele-
- Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛚᛃᚨᛉ (*aljaʀ), ᚨᛚᛃᚨ- (alja-)
- ⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚨᛚᛃᚨᛗᚨᚱᚲᛁᛉ (aljamarkiʀ)
- Old Norse: ella (“otherwise, or”), ellar (< *aljǭ)
- Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (aljis, “other”), 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (alja, “but, except”) (< *aljǭ)
Further reading
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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