< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/aika

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Two Germanic etyma have been proposed, but it is not certain which one is correct, if either:

  • The first theory posits a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *aiwaz (“long time, age, eternity”). The *w > *k is not entirely regular, but multiple explanations have been put forward (such as analogous gradation and a comparison with *raaka < *hrawaz and *narka < *narwaz). LÄGLOS however considers derivation from *aiwaz to be unlikely,[1] although later support has been expressed by Schalin (2019).[2]
  • Alternatively, according to Hyllested (2014), from earlier *ajeka and borrowed from Proto-Germanic *ajuka- (“time, eternity”) (related to Proto-Germanic *ajukiz);[3] for medial *ajeC > *aiC, parallels exist in *aisa (< *ajesa), *kaikki (< *kajekki) and probably *aitta (< *ajetta). This etymology is supported by Junttila (2020).[4]

Earlier proposals about a Baltic origin have been rejected.

Noun

*aika

  1. time

Inflection
Inflection of *aika
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *aika *aigat
accusative *aigan *aigat
genitive *aigan *aikadën
*aikoidën
partitive *aikada *aikoida
inessive *aigassa
*aigahna		 *aigoissa
*aigoihna
elative *aigasta *aigoista
illative *aikahën *aikoihën
adessive *aigalla *aigoilla
ablative *aigalta *aigoilta
allative *aikalën
*aikalëk		 *aikoilën
*aikoilëk
essive *aikana *aikoina
translative *aigaksi *aigoiksi
instructive *aigan *aigoin
comitative *aikanëk *aikoinëk
abessive *aigatta *aigoitta

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Estonian: aeg
  • Finnish: aika
  • Ingrian: aika
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: aika
    • South Karelian: aiga
  • Livonian: āiga
  • Livvi: aigu
  • Ludian: aig
  • Veps: aig
  • Võro: aig
  • Votic: aikõ
  • → Proto-Samic: *ājkē (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Kylstra, A.D.; Hahmo, Sirkka-Liisa; Hofstra, Tette; Nikkilä, Otto. 1991–2012. Lexikon der älteren germanischen Lehnwörter in den ostseefinnischen Sprachen. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  2. Schalin, Johan: 2019 Niukka, nivo, nuiva sekä niuha, lauha ja rauha. In S. Junttila & J Kuokkala (eds.) Petri Kallio rocks : Liber semisaecularis 7.2.2019 p. 173–183. Kallion etymologiseura.
  3. Hyllested, Adam (2014) Word Exchange at the Gates of Europe: Five Millennia of Language Contact (Thesis)‎, Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet
  4. Junttila, Santeri. Kantasuomen balttilaislainat 1. (A-)H (2020), p. 24
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