-izo
Latin
Alternative forms
- -idiō (non-standard spelling; 2nd c. CE onwards)
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek -ίζω (-ízō). At first limited to borrowings from Greek but later become a productive suffix of its own. Doublet of -issō, which is found in an older layer of borrowings.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈiz.zoː/, [ˈɪz̪d̪͡z̪oː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈid.d͡zo/, [ˈid̪ː͡z̪o]
Suffix
-izō (present infinitive -izāre, perfect active -izāvī, supine -izātum); first conjugation
- Used to form similative verbs from nouns and adjectives.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -izō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | -izō | -izās | -izat | -izāmus | -izātis | -izant |
| imperfect | -izābam | -izābās | -izābat | -izābāmus | -izābātis | -izābant | |
| future | -izābō | -izābis | -izābit | -izābimus | -izābitis | -izābunt | |
| perfect | -izāvī | -izāvistī | -izāvit | -izāvimus | -izāvistis | -izāvērunt, -izāvēre | |
| pluperfect | -izāveram | -izāverās | -izāverat | -izāverāmus | -izāverātis | -izāverant | |
| future perfect | -izāverō | -izāveris | -izāverit | -izāverimus | -izāveritis | -izāverint | |
| sigmatic future1 | -izāssō | -izāssis | -izāssit | -izāssimus | -izāssitis | -izāssint | |
| passive | present | -izor | -izāris, -izāre |
-izātur | -izāmur | -izāminī | -izantur |
| imperfect | -izābar | -izābāris, -izābāre |
-izābātur | -izābāmur | -izābāminī | -izābantur | |
| future | -izābor | -izāberis, -izābere |
-izābitur | -izābimur | -izābiminī | -izābuntur | |
| perfect | -izātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | -izātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | -izātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| sigmatic future1 | -izāssor | -izāsseris | -izāssitur | — | — | — | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | -izem | -izēs | -izet | -izēmus | -izētis | -izent |
| imperfect | -izārem | -izārēs | -izāret | -izārēmus | -izārētis | -izārent | |
| perfect | -izāverim | -izāverīs | -izāverit | -izāverīmus | -izāverītis | -izāverint | |
| pluperfect | -izāvissem | -izāvissēs | -izāvisset | -izāvissēmus | -izāvissētis | -izāvissent | |
| sigmatic aorist1 | -izāssim | -izāssīs | -izāssīt | -izāssīmus | -izāssītis | -izāssint | |
| passive | present | -izer | -izēris, -izēre |
-izētur | -izēmur | -izēminī | -izentur |
| imperfect | -izārer | -izārēris, -izārēre |
-izārētur | -izārēmur | -izārēminī | -izārentur | |
| perfect | -izātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | -izātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | -izā | — | — | -izāte | — |
| future | — | -izātō | -izātō | — | -izātōte | -izantō | |
| passive | present | — | -izāre | — | — | -izāminī | — |
| future | — | -izātor | -izātor | — | — | -izantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | -izāre | -izāvisse | -izātūrum esse | -izārī, -izārier2 |
-izātum esse | -izātum īrī | |
| participles | -izāns | — | -izātūrus | — | -izātus | -izandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| -izandī | -izandō | -izandum | -izandō | -izātum | -izātū | ||
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.
2The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
Derived terms
Descendants
- Balkan Romance:
- Italo-Romance:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
Borrowings:
References
- Meul, Claire. 2013. The fate of the -ID(I)- morpheme in the Central Dolomitic Ladin varieties of northern Italy: Variable conditioning of a morphological mechanism. In Cruschina, Silvio & Maiden, Martin & Smith, John Charles (eds.), The boundaries of pure morphology: Diachronic and synchronic perspectives, 68–95. Oxford University Press.
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Spain) /ˈiθo/ [ˈi.θo]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /ˈiso/ [ˈi.so]
- (Spain) Rhymes: -iθo
- (Latin America) Rhymes: -iso
- Syllabification: -i‧zo
Suffix
-izo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -iza, masculine plural -izos, feminine plural -izas)
- forms adjectives from other adjectives, nouns, and verbs usually denoting propensity or likeness
Derived terms
Further reading
- “-izo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014