-TŁÉÉʼ

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *tłeqʼʷ, classificatory root for mushy or decrepit objects (as mud, butter, a rotten rag), or animate object sharing such characteristics (as a frog, a drunken person).

Cognate root found in Ahtna ghitlaeʼ (“he handed (some mud)”), nałtloʼ (“it became wet”), Gwich'in naałtłik (“I threw it (a rotten cloth) down”).

Also occurs in Navajo along with hi-seriative in a motion theme describing the hopping of a frog (literally, a mushy object throwing itself successively).

Root

-TŁÉÉʼ

  1. to handle or propel mushy matter (as butter, mud)

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
O + ∅ motion

S handles MM

  • yitłeeh (∅-MOM)
  • iitłeeh
  • yiditłeeh
  • yidiitłeeh
  • haitłeeh
  • neitłeeh
  • néidíníitłeeh (ńdíníi-, “good start”)
  • néidiitłeeh (ńdii-, “pick up”)
  • naʼiidiitłeeh (nʼdii-, “detach”)
  • yisdéítłeeh
  • yitłeeh [shishtłeeh] (si-MOM)
  • yítłeeh (ni-MOM)
  • chʼíítłeeh
  • niitłeeh
  • neitłeeh (CONT)
  • yootłoh (PROG)
(dzi) + ∅ successive

S throws MM

Motion:

  • dzitłeeh
  • adzitłeeh
  • dziditłeeh
  • dzídzadzitłeeh
  • chʼídzítłeeh

Successive:

  • yótłeeh (yíní-, rep.)
  • yííníitłeeh (yíníi-, semelf.)
∅ positional

MM is in position

S keeps MM in position

  • yistłééʼ (NEUT)
Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
hi + d motion

S hops (a frog)

  • hitłeeh (∅-MOM)
  • ahatłeeh
  • hiditłeeh
  • hidiitłeeh
  • hahatłeeh
  • yisdéítłeeh
  • heetłeeh (ni-MOM)
  • chʼíheetłeeh
  • niheetłeeh
  • nahatłeeh (CONT)
  • hootłoh (PROG)
ni + ∅ motion

S collapses, breaks down

  2. to be wet

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
∅ adjectival

S is wet
∅ transitional

S gets wet

  • náhoniitłeeh
l conversive

S gets wet

  • náltłeeh

S makes O wet

  • néíłtłeeh

Stem set
Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
MOM / CONT / CONCL -tłeeh -tłéé -tłoh -tłoh -tłeeh
DIST -tłeʼ -tłéé -tłoh -tłoh -tłeʼ
REV / CON -tłoh -tłéé -tłoh -tłoh -tłoh
NEUT -tłééʼ -tłééʼ - - -

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

MM verbs:

  • -YĘ́Ę́ZH (MM moves)

to hop:

to collapse:

action of water:

 
 

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TŁÉÉʼ (handle MM)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TŁÉÉʼ (wet)

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