-GIZH

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *ɢəž (“to act with a stick, to be forked”).

Cognate root found in Ahtna delggez (“it is forked”), gges (“skewer”).

Found in Navajo in a number of disparate themes related to cutting, to forked or gapped shape, to seeping/spreading, and to acting with a stick or gestures.

Also found in a base related to flashing, probably a corruption of the root -GĘZH, of similar meaning (see -KĘ́Ę́Z/-KÉÉZ for a similar situation).

Root

-GIZH

 1. to cut, to incise; to be forked, to have a gap

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
O + ł motion

S cuts O

  • yiłgéésh (∅-MOM)
  • iiłgéésh
  • yidiłgéésh
  • haiłgéésh
  • haidiiłgéésh
  • niyiiłgéésh (nihi-, “to pieces”)
  • neiłgizh (CONT)
↳ naʼałgizh
  • yoołgish (PROG)
O + ∅ successive

S cuts O

  • yiidigéésh (bidi-, reduction)
  • yiyiigéésh (hi-, seriative)
  • táidigéésh
  • yigizh (CONCL)
  • yiyiigish (SEM)
↳ iigish
↳ ádiigish (+d)
  • ahánígéésh (ahá-, “in half”)
ł adjectival

S is forked, gapped, has a pass

  • deeshgizh (NEUT)
  • hałgizh
  • ńdeeshgiizh
  • nihodeeshgiizh
∅

S breaks, gaps out (a dam)

  • digéésh

S breaks O

  • yidiłgéésh

 2. to soak, to seep, to spread

Theme Category Bases Unspecified (+ʼa)
si + d

S soaks, seeps

  • shigéésh (MOM)
  • biníshígéésh
  • hashoogizh
si + ∅

S spreads

  • shidigéésh (MOM)
  • shoogish (PROG)

 3. to act with a stick or gestures

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
O + ∅ successive

S stirs O

  • taneigizh (CONT)
ʼa + ∅ successive

S makes signals to P

  • nayéʼégizh (CONT)
  • yíʼdígish (SEM)

 4. to flash

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
dzi + l

S flashes

Stem set
Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
MOM -géésh -gizh -gish -gish -géésh
MOM -gíísh -gizh -gish -gish -gíísh
CONT -gizh -gizh -gish -gish -gizh
REV -gish -gizh -gish -gish -gish
SEM -gish -gish -gish -gish -gish
NEUT -gizh -gizh - - -
NEUT - -giizh - - -

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to cut:

  • -CHʼIIZH
  • -KʼEEʼ
  • -TʼĄ́Ą́Z
  • -TSIH
  • -ZHÉÉʼ

action of water:

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -GIZH (cut)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -GIZH (soak)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -GIZH (act with stick)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -GIZH (flash)

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