-ál

See also: Appendix:Variations of "al"

Hungarian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [aːl]

Etymology 1

From -á- (linking vowel) + -l (verb-forming suffix).

Suffix

-ál

  1. (verb-forming suffix) Same as -l with the -á- linking vowel. Used for integrating loanwords into Hungarian.
    ‎telefon (“telephone”) + ‎-ál → ‎telefonál (“to telephone”)
Usage notes
  • (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
    -l is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final long vowels may shorten, e.g. ű → ü.
    -ol is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -al is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -el is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -öl is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ál is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

Note: Certain words take another, synonymous suffix, -z/-oz/-az/-ez/-öz/-áz or -zik/-ozik/-azik/-ezik/-özik.

Derived terms
Hungarian verbs suffixed with -ál

Etymology 2

From the original open, lengthened stem-final vowel connecting to the ancient verb-forming suffix -l.

Suffix

-ál

  1. (frequentative suffix) Added to a verb to form a verb that expresses repetitive action.
    ‎dob (“to throw”) + ‎-ál → ‎dobál (“to throw one after the other”)
Usage notes
  • (frequentative suffix) Variants:
    -ál is added to back-vowel verbs
    -él is added to front-vowel verbs
Derived terms
Hungarian verbs suffixed with -ál (frequentative)
  • bugyolál
  • cibál
  • cincál
  • csócsál
  • csóvál
  • fitymál
  • kószál

Etymology 3

From the original open stem-final vowel connecting to the ancient noun-forming suffix -l.

Suffix

-ál

  1. (archaic, noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun.
    ‎fon (“to weave”) + ‎-ál → ‎fonál (“thread”)
Usage notes
  • (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
    -ál is added to back-vowel verbs
    -él is added to front-vowel verbs
  • See also the suffix variants -al/-el.
Derived terms
Hungarian nouns suffixed with -ál

Suffix

-ál

  1. (personal suffix) Forms the second-person singular indefinite of verbs. It presents in the past tense as -tál, in conditional mood, as -nál, and in subjunctive mood, as -jál.
    tud (“to know”)
    Tudtál erről? ― Did you know about this?
    Tudnál segíteni? ― Could you help?
    Azt akarta, hogy tudjál róla. ― He wanted you to know about it. (literally, “…that you should know…”)

See also
  • Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
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