𐡆𐡌𐡍𐡀

Aramaic

Borrowed from a late pronunciation of Old Persian *jamānā (“time”), reconstructible for Proto-Iranian *ǰámaHnaH.

𐡆𐡌𐡍𐡀 • (zmnʾ) m (absolute state 𐡆𐡌𐡍 (zmn), also 𐡆𐡌𐡀𐡍 (zmʾn))[1][2] (Imperial Aramaic)

Biblical Aramaic: זְמַן (zəman)
Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡦𐡡𐡭 (zbn)
Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: זמן (zmn, “set time”), emphatic זמנה, זימנה (zimnā), and זבן (zbn, “a counted occurrence”), absolute plural זבנין and זיבנין (zibīn)
Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܙܒܢ (zbn)
Classical Syriac: ܙܰܒܢܳܐ (zaḇnā); ܙܡܢܐ (zmnʾ) (rarely, in incantation bowls)
Classical Mandaic: ࡆࡀࡌࡀࡍ (zaman), ࡆࡁࡀࡍ (zban)
Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢉𐢓𐢔, 𐢉𐢃𐢔
Jewish Literary Aramaic: זִימְנָא (zimnā), זִמְנָא (zimnā), זְמַן (zəman, construct)
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: זִימְנָא (zimnā), זִמְנָא (zimnā), זְמַן (zəman, construct); זבן (zbn) (rarely, in magic bowls)
→ Arabic: زَمَان (zamān), زَمَن (zaman)
→ Ethiopian Semitic:[3]
- North Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Ge'ez: ዘመን (zämän)
  - Tigre: ዘበን (zäbän)
  - Tigrinya: ዘመን (zämän), ዘበን (zäbän) (sporadic sound change)
  - → Cushitic:[4]
    - → Afar: daban
    - → Blin: daban, demaan
- South Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Amharic: ዘመን (zämän), ዘበን (zäbän) (sporadic sound change)
  - Argobba: ዘበን (zäbän)
  - Gurage: ዘመን (zämän)
  - Harari: ዘማን (zäman)
→ Hebrew: זְמָן (zəmān), זְמַן (zəman)[5]
→ Modern South Arabian:
- Mehri: zemōn, zubōn
- Soqotri: zɛm, zəmán

“zmn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Hoftijzer, J, Jongeling, K. (1995) Dictionary of the North-West Semitic Inscriptions (Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung, Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten; 21), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, page 332
Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 44
Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 639a
Wagner, Max (1966) Die lexikalischen und grammatikalischen Aramaismen im alttestamentlichen Hebräisch (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft; 96) (in German), Berlin: Alfred Töpelmann, →ISBN, page 49

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