좋다

Jeju

Etymology

Cognate with Korean 좋다 (jota).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /t͡ɕo̞tʰa̠/

Adjective

좋다 (johta)

  1. to be good
  2. to be amiable

Verb

좋다 (johta)

  1. to recover

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 둏〯다〮 (Yale: tyǒhtá). Also attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 됴〯ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: tyǒ-hòtá).

됴〯ᄒᆞ다〮 appears to be the older form,[1] cf. 만ᄒᆞ다 (Yale: man-hota) > 많다 (manta), ᄀᆞᆮᄒᆞ다 (Yale: kot-hota) > 같다 (gatda). This is a compound of the unknown element 됴〯 (Yale: tyǒ), potentially a Chinese character that underwent semantic nativisation given that this syllable does not occur in any other native Middle Korean word, and the adjective-deriving light verb ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: hòtá), modern 하다 (hada).

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈt͡ɕo̞(ː)tʰa̠]
    • (file)
  • Phonetic hangul: [조(ː)타]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?jota
Revised Romanization (translit.)?johda
McCune–Reischauer?chot'a
Yale Romanization?cōhta

Adjective

좋다 • (jota) (infinitive 좋아, sequential 좋으니)

  1. to be good; great; excellent (excellent and satisfactory in features and content)
    그거 좋은 생각입니다.
    geugeo jo'eun saenggag-imnida.
    Oh! That sounds good.
    그리고, 오늘 어떻습니까? 아주 좋아요, 감사합니다. 마크.
    geurigo, oneul eotteoseumnikka? - aju joayo, gamsahamnida. makeu.
    And how are you today? - Very well thank you Mark.
    오늘 오후에 들러요. — 좋아요.
    oneul ohue deulleoyo. - joayo.
    Come by this afternoon. — Okay.
    Original English texts from 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
  2. to be good; nice (well-rounded and kind in personality)
  3. to be good; kind (kind and gentle in speech and act)
  4. to be good (above average in physical condition or health)
  5. to have a lot of nerve (not caring about saving face or being shameless)
  6. to be nice (sunny and clear)
  7. to be enough; sufficient
  8. to be good (having a lot of hair in good condition)
  9. to be good; right (for a day or opportunity to be appropriate)
  10. to be fond of; in love with (happy about and satisfied with a thing or object)
    좋으시면 그걸로 예약해 드릴 수 있습니다.
    jo'eusimyeon geugeollo yeyakhae deuril su itseumnida.
    I can book you for them if you like.
    새 아파트로 왔구나! 좋아!
    sae apateuro watguna! joa!
    I am in my new apartment! Great!
    • 2016, VOA Learning English‎, archived from the original on 18 September 2017:
  11. to be preferable, likeable
    난 축구보다 농구가 더 좋구나.
    nan chukguboda nonggu-ga deo jokuna.
    I like basketball more than football. (literally, "To me basketball is preferable to football.")
  12. to be good (having a feeling, etc., of happiness and satisfaction)
    한국말을 더 잘 했으면 좋겠다.
    han'gungmar-eul deo jal haesseumyeon joketda.
    It would be nice if I spoke Korean better.
  13. to be happy; okay (having no problems with behavior, work, etc.)
  14. to be good; easy; convenient (easy or convenient to do something)
  15. to be good (having qualities that are good for the body or health)
    아침에 일찍 일어나는 것은 건강에 좋다.
    achime iljjik ireonaneun geoseun geon'gang'e jota.
    Getting up early in the morning is good for one's health.
  16. to be better (higher in quality or level compared to others)
  17. to be good (close and friendly with each other)
  18. to be favorable; positive (interpreting something in a way that is favorable to one side)
  19. to be good; nice (the word used to express negation of, dissatisfaction with, a situation which has just been mentioned)
  20. to be suitable; fit (appropriate for using as a material or doing something)

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the adjective 좋다 (jota): consonant-stem, regular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 좋다
jota		 좋아
joa		 좋아요
joayo		 좋습니다
joseumnida
Past 좋았다
joatda		 좋았어
joasseo		 좋았어요
joasseoyo		 좋았습니다
joatseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 좋으냐
jo'eunya		 좋아
joa		 좋아요
joayo		 좋습니까
joseumnikka
Past 좋았냐
joannya		 좋았어
joasseo		 좋았어요
joasseoyo		 좋았습니까
joatseumnikka
Assertive 좋겠다
joketda		좋겠어
jokesseo		좋겠어요
jokesseoyo		좋겠습니다
joketseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 좋아
joa		좋아서
joaseo		좋으니
jo'euni		좋으니까
jo'eunikka
Contrast 좋지만
jochiman		좋은데
jo'eunde		좋더니
joteoni
Conjunction 좋고
joko
Condition 좋으면
jo'eumyeon		좋아야
joaya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 좋음
jo'eum		좋기
joki
Past-tense verbal nouns 좋았음
joasseum		좋았기
joatgi
Determiners Present 좋은
jo'eun
Future 좋을
jo'eul


Sentence-final forms with honorific
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 좋으시다
jo'eusida		 좋으셔
jo'eusyeo		 좋으세요, 좋으셔요
jo'euseyo, jo'eusyeoyo		 좋으십니다
jo'eusimnida
Past 좋으셨다
jo'eusyeotda		 좋으셨어
jo'eusyeosseo		 좋으셨어요
jo'eusyeosseoyo		 좋으셨습니다
jo'eusyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 좋으시냐
jo'eusinya		 좋으셔
jo'eusyeo		 좋으세요, 좋으셔요
jo'euseyo, jo'eusyeoyo		 좋으십니까
jo'eusimnikka
Past 좋으셨냐
jo'eusyeonnya		 좋으셨어
jo'eusyeosseo		 좋으셨어요
jo'eusyeosseoyo		 좋으셨습니까
jo'eusyeotseumnikka
Assertive 좋으시겠다
jo'eusigetda		좋으시겠어
jo'eusigesseo		좋으시겠어요
jo'eusigesseoyo		좋으시겠습니다
jo'eusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 좋으셔
jo'eusyeo		좋으셔서
jo'eusyeoseo		좋으시니
jo'eusini		좋으시니까
jo'eusinikka
Contrast 좋으시지만
jo'eusijiman		좋으신데
jo'eusinde		좋으시더니
jo'eusideoni
Conjunction 좋으시고
jo'eusigo
Condition 좋으시면
jo'eusimyeon		좋으셔야
jo'eusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 좋으심
jo'eusim		좋으시기
jo'eusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 좋으셨음
jo'eusyeosseum		좋으셨기
jo'eusyeotgi
Determiners Present 좋으신
jo'eusin
Future 좋으실
jo'eusil

Alternative forms

Derived terms

References
  1. 李(이)賢(현)熙(희) (1999) “'둏다' 구문에 대한 통시적 연구 [dyota gumune daehan tongsijeok yeon'gu, A diachronic study of the tyoh-ta construction]”, in Jindan hakbo, volume 87, pages 71—126
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.