작다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 쟉〯다〮 (Yale: cyǎk-tá). Ablaut form: 적다 (jeokda, “to be few”).

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈt͡ɕa̠(ː)k̚t͈a̠]
    • (file)
  • Phonetic hangul: [작(ː)따]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?jakda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?jagda
McCune–Reischauer?chakta
Yale Romanization?cākta

Adjective

작다 • (jakda) (infinitive 작아, sequential 작으니)

  1. to be small
    Antonym: 크다 (keuda)
    그는 키가 작다. ― Geu-neun ki-ga jakda. ― He is short.

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the adjective 작다 (jakda): consonant-stem, regular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 작다
jakda		 작아
jaga		 작아요
jagayo		 작습니다
jakseumnida
Past 작았다
jagatda		 작았어
jagasseo		 작았어요
jagasseoyo		 작았습니다
jagatseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 작으냐
jageunya		 작아
jaga		 작아요
jagayo		 작습니까
jakseumnikka
Past 작았냐
jagannya		 작았어
jagasseo		 작았어요
jagasseoyo		 작았습니까
jagatseumnikka
Assertive 작겠다
jakgetda		작겠어
jakgesseo		작겠어요
jakgesseoyo		작겠습니다
jakgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 작아
jaga		작아서
jagaseo		작으니
jageuni		작으니까
jageunikka
Contrast 작지만
jakjiman		작은데
jageunde		작더니
jakdeoni
Conjunction 작고
jakgo
Condition 작으면
jageumyeon		작아야
jagaya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 작음
jageum		작기
jakgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 작았음
jagasseum		작았기
jagatgi
Determiners Present 작은
jageun
Future 작을
jageul


Sentence-final forms with honorific
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 작으시다
jageusida		 작으셔
jageusyeo		 작으세요, 작으셔요
jageuseyo, jageusyeoyo		 작으십니다
jageusimnida
Past 작으셨다
jageusyeotda		 작으셨어
jageusyeosseo		 작으셨어요
jageusyeosseoyo		 작으셨습니다
jageusyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 작으시냐
jageusinya		 작으셔
jageusyeo		 작으세요, 작으셔요
jageuseyo, jageusyeoyo		 작으십니까
jageusimnikka
Past 작으셨냐
jageusyeonnya		 작으셨어
jageusyeosseo		 작으셨어요
jageusyeosseoyo		 작으셨습니까
jageusyeotseumnikka
Assertive 작으시겠다
jageusigetda		작으시겠어
jageusigesseo		작으시겠어요
jageusigesseoyo		작으시겠습니다
jageusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 작으셔
jageusyeo		작으셔서
jageusyeoseo		작으시니
jageusini		작으시니까
jageusinikka
Contrast 작으시지만
jageusijiman		작으신데
jageusinde		작으시더니
jageusideoni
Conjunction 작으시고
jageusigo
Condition 작으시면
jageusimyeon		작으셔야
jageusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 작으심
jageusim		작으시기
jageusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 작으셨음
jageusyeosseum		작으셨기
jageusyeotgi
Determiners Present 작으신
jageusin
Future 작으실
jageusil
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