驗

See also: 验
驗 U+9A57, 驗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9A57
← 驖
[U+9A56] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 驘 →
[U+9A58]

Translingual
Traditional 驗
Shinjitai 験
Simplified 验

Han character

驗 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+13, 23 strokes, cangjie input 尸火人一人 (SFOMO), four-corner 78336, composition ⿰馬僉)

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1445, character 40
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45024
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1970, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4580, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+9A57

Chinese
trad. 驗
simp. 验
alternative forms 𩥾
騐／验

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 驗
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (僉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
厱 *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam
歛 *qʰlaːm
臉 *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ
醶 *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ
鹼 *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam
薟 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram
匳 *ɡ·ram
獫 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ
蘞 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam
籢 *ɡ·ram
斂 *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
瀲 *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
撿 *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ
羷 *ɡ·ramʔ
殮 *ɡ·rams
簽 *skʰlam
僉 *skʰlam
憸 *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ
譣 *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ
檢 *kramʔ
瞼 *kramʔ
儉 *ɡramʔ
顩 *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ
嬐 *ŋramʔ
嶮 *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ
噞 *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams
驗 *ŋrams
險 *qʰramʔ
劒 *kams
劍 *kams
𩏩 *qʰam

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrams) : semantic 馬 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • ngiam7 - Shantou, Jieyang;
  • ngiêm7 - Chaozhou;
  • ngiang7 - Chenghai.
    • Wu
      • (Shanghai):
        • Wugniu: 6gni
        • MiniDict: nyi去
        • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3nyi
        • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²³/
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: nyienn4
        • Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲi̯ẽ⁴⁵/
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 驗
Mandarin Beijing /ian⁵¹/
Harbin /ian⁵³/
Tianjin /ian⁵³/
Jinan /iã²¹/
Qingdao /iã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ian³¹²/
Xi'an /iã⁴⁴/
Xining /iã²¹³/
Yinchuan /ian¹³/
Lanzhou /iɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /ian²¹³/
Wuhan /niɛn³⁵/
Chengdu /ȵian¹³/
Guiyang /nian²¹³/
/ian²¹³/ 新
Kunming /iɛ̃²¹²/
Nanjing /ien⁴⁴/
Hefei /iĩ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ie⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /ie⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ȵi²³/
Suzhou /ȵiɪ³¹/
Hangzhou /ȵiẽ̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵi²²/
Hui Shexian /ne²²/
Tunxi /ȵiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ȵiẽ⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /ȵiẽ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /ȵiɛn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiam⁵³/
Taoyuan /ŋiɑm⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jim²²/
Nanning /jim²²/
Hong Kong /jim²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /giam²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋiɛŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ŋiam³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ŋiam³³/
Rime
Character 驗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 鹽 (154)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 魚窆切
Baxter ngjemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋˠiᴇmH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋᵚiɛmH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋiæmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋjiamH/
Li
Rong		 /ŋjɛmH/
Wang
Li		 /ŋĭɛmH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋi̯ɛmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jim6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 驗
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngjemH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-qʰr[a]m-s/
English verify

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 驗
Reading # 1/1
No. 10218
Phonetic
component		 僉
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 驗
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋrams/

Definitions

驗

  1. to test; to examine; to inspect
  2. to verify
  3. to produce the desired effect
  4. intended result

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai

 験

Kyūjitai

 驗

Kanji
驗

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 験)

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Readings

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 엄 (eom) based on Middle Chinese 驗 (MC ngjemH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᅌᅥᆷ〮 (Yale: ngem)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 驗 (eum 험 (heom))

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Vietnamese

Han character

驗: Hán Nôm readings: nghiệm

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