進士

See also: 进士

Chinese

		advance; enter; to come in	scholar; warrior; knight
trad. (進士)		進	士
simp. (进士)		进	士
Literally: “advanced scholar”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìnshì

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄕˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zeon³ si⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chìn-sū / chìn-sǐ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìnshì → jìnshi (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄕˋ → ㄐㄧㄣˋ ˙ㄕ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìnshi̊h
  - Wade–Giles: chin⁴-shih⁵
  - Yale: jìn-shr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn.shyh
  - Palladius: цзиньши (czinʹši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ → /t͡ɕin⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    近世
    近侍
    近視／近视
    進士／进士
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zeon³ si⁶
  - Yale: jeun sih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen³ si⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zên³ xi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵn³³ siː²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chìn-sū
  - Tâi-lô: tsìn-sū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciensu
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ su³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ su³³/
- (Hokkien: Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chìn-sǐ
  - Tâi-lô: tsìn-sǐ
  - IPA (Philippines): /t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ si³³/

Middle Chinese: tsinH dzriX

Rime
Character	進	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	即刃切	鉏里切
Baxter	tsinH	dzriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siɪn^H/	/d͡ʒɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sin^H/	/ɖ͡ʐɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjen^H/	/d͡ʒie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sin^H/	/ɖ͡ʐɨ^X/
Li Rong	/t͡siĕn^H/	/d͡ʒiə^X/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭĕn^H/	/d͡ʒĭə^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ĕn^H/	/ɖ͡ʐʱi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìn	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zan³	zi⁶

Noun

進士

(historical) “advanced” or “entered graduate”, a scholar who had successfully passed the highest level of the Chinese imperial examinations (殿試), usually held triennially at the imperial court
(Philippine Hokkien, dice games) a four of a kind dice roll (with four faces of any of the same number, except four) in a Mooncake Festival Dice Game
Synonym: 四進／四进

Synonyms

本科 (běnkē)

Hyponyms

進士及第／进士及第 (jìnshì jídì)
- 狀元／状元 (zhuàngyuan)
- 榜眼 (bǎngyǎn)
- 探花 (tànhuā)
進士出身／进士出身 (jìnshì chūshēn)
同進士出身／同进士出身 (tóng jìnshì chūshēng)

Derived terms

不櫛進士／不栉进士
同進士出身／同进士出身 (tóng jìnshì chūshēng)
武進士／武进士
進士出身／进士出身 (jìnshì chūshēn)
進士及第／进士及第 (jìnshì jídì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (進士):

→ Japanese: 進(しん)士(し) (shinshi)
→ Korean: 진사(進士) (jinsa)
→ Vietnamese: tiến sĩ (進士)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
進	士

Noun

進士

chữ Hán form of tiến sĩ (“doctor”).

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