走狗

Chinese

		to walk; to go; to move to walk; to go; to move; to leave	dog
simp. and trad. (走狗)		走	狗
Literally: “running dog”.

大陸走狗 (trans.: 'running dog of mainland China')

Etymology

Attestable in pre-Qin texts in the "hunting dog" sense.[1]

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zǒugǒu

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄡˇ ㄍㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zau² gau²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chéu-kiéu
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): cháu-káu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zǒugǒu [Phonetic: zóugǒu]
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄡˇ ㄍㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zǒugǒu
  - Wade–Giles: tsou³-kou³
  - Yale: dzǒu-gǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzoougoou
  - Palladius: цзоугоу (czougou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zau² gau²
  - Yale: jáu gáu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzau² gau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zeo² geo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯³⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chéu-kiéu
  - Hakka Romanization System: zeu` gieu`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zeu³ gieu³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡seu̯³¹ ki̯eu̯³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cháu-káu
  - Tâi-lô: tsáu-káu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zaw'kao
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kau⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kau⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: tsuwX|tsuwH kuwX

Rime
Character	走	走	狗
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	精 (13)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)	侯 (137)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	子苟切	則候切	古厚切
Baxter	tsuwX	tsuwH	kuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡səu^X/	/t͡səu^H/	/kəu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡səu^X/	/t͡səu^H/	/kəu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡səu^X/	/t͡səu^H/	/kəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡səw^X/	/t͡səw^H/	/kəw^X/
Li Rong	/t͡su^X/	/t͡su^H/	/ku^X/
Wang Li	/t͡səu^X/	/t͡səu^H/	/kəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sə̯u^X/	/t͡sə̯u^H/	/kə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zǒu	zòu	gǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau²	zau³	gau²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤoʔ Cə.kˤroʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsoːʔ|ʔsoːs koːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	走	狗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zǒu	gǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ tsuw^X ›	‹ kuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁoʔ/	/*Cə.kˁroʔ/
English	run	dog
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	走	走	狗
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	17906	17907	7068
Phonetic component	走	走	句
Rime group	侯	侯	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	走	奏	苟
Old Chinese	/*ʔsoːʔ/	/*ʔsoːs/	/*koːʔ/

Noun

走狗

(literary) hunting dog; hound
(literary, historical) dog racing game in ancient times
(figurative, politics, derogatory) running dog; lackey; cat's paw; person subservient to counterrevolutionary or evil interests
資本家的走狗／资本家的走狗 ― zīběnjiā de zǒugǒu ― running dog of capitalists
- 這些國家的人民起來反對美帝國主義的和其他帝國主義的走狗，也就是反對帝國主義的反動統治。 [MSC, trad.]
  这些国家的人民起来反对美帝国主义的和其他帝国主义的走狗，也就是反对帝国主义的反动统治。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1968, Mao Zedong, Chairman Mao's "The Movement of World Revolution" (毛主席论世界革命)
  Zhèxiē guójiā de rénmín qǐlái fǎnduì měidìguózhǔyì de hé qítā dìguózhǔyì de zǒugǒu, yě jiùshì fǎnduì dìguózhǔyì de fǎndòng tǒngzhì. [Pinyin]
  People opposed to the reactionary rule of imperialism in these countries are rising up against U.S. imperialism and other running dogs of imperialism.
(literary, humble) self-deprecating form of address for oneself; the servant me; I, the follower

Synonyms

(hunting dog): 獵狗／猎狗 (liègǒu), 獵犬／猎犬 (lièquǎn); (Xiang) 趕山狗／赶山狗
(running dog):

共犯 (gòngfàn)
共謀／共谋 (gòngmóu)
同夥／同伙 (tónghuǒ)
同案犯 (tóng'ànfàn)
同犯 (tóngfàn)
同謀／同谋 (tóngmóu)
同謀犯／同谋犯 (tóngmóufàn)
同黨／同党 (tóngdǎng)
幫兇／帮凶 (bāngxiōng)
爪牙 (zhǎoyá) (figurative, derogatory)
狗腿 (gǒutuǐ) (figurative, derogatory)
狗腿子 (gǒutuǐzi) (figurative, derogatory)
走卒 (zǒuzú)
鷹犬／鹰犬 (yīngquǎn) (figurative)

Descendants

→ English: running dog (calque)

Verb

走狗

(literary) to make a dog run or hunt

Derived terms

狡兔死，走狗烹
走狗烹
飛鷹走狗／飞鹰走狗
鬥雞走狗／斗鸡走狗

References

文若愚 (2014) 语言常识全知道, 中国华侨出版社

Japanese

Kanji in this term
走	狗
そう Grade: 2	く Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Noun

走(そう)狗(く) • (sōku)

hound
a tool of another person, cat's paw
- 1929, 小林多喜二, 不在地主:
  警(けい)察(さつ)は如何(いか)にも君(きみ)等(ら)の言(い)う通(とお)り、資(し)本(ほん)家(か)の走(そう)狗(く)だ。
  Keisatsu wa ika ni mo kimi-ra no iu-tōri, shihonka no sōku da.
  Like you all said, those police are nothing more than capitalist tools.

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