蓳

蓳	U+84F3, 蓳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-84F3

← 蓲
[U+84F2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

蓴 →
[U+84F4]

蓳	U+2F9A9, 蓳 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A9

← 蓱
[U+2F9A8]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

蔖 →
[U+2F9AA]

Translingual

Japanese	菫
Simplified	堇
Traditional	蓳/菫/堇

Han character

蓳 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿中一 (TTLM), four-corner 4410₄, composition ⿱艹堇)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1052, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31732
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3275, character 10
Unihan data for U+84F3
Unihan data for U+2F9A9

Chinese

trad.		蓳/菫/堇^*
simp.		堇^*
alternative forms		䒺𦸧𦸨𦻋𦻍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 堇
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
囏	*krɯːn
螼	kʰrɯnʔ, kʰrɯns
堇	ɡrɯn, kɯnʔ
墐	ɡrɯn, ɡrɯns
𥎊	*ɡrɯn
僅	*ɡrɯns
瑾	*ɡrɯns
覲	*ɡrɯns
殣	*ɡrɯns
饉	*ɡrɯns
廑	*ɡrɯns
瘽	ɡrɯns, ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏	*ɡrɯns
鄞	ŋɡrɯn, ŋɡɯn
謹	*kɯnʔ
槿	*kɯnʔ
漌	*kɯnʔ
慬	kɯnʔ, ɡɯn
勤	*ɡɯn
懃	*ɡɯn
懄	*ɡɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯnʔ) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 堇 (OC *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jǐn (jin³)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gan²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
  - Wade–Giles: chin³
  - Yale: jǐn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
  - Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gan²
  - Yale: gán
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gan²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐn³⁵/

Middle Chinese: kj+nX

Rime
Character	蓳
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居隱切
Baxter	kj+nX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kiən^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨn^X/
Li Rong	/kiən^X/
Wang Li	/kĭən^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ən^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gan²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kə[r]ʔ/, /*kə[r]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kɯnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蓳	蓳
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìn	jìn
Middle Chinese	‹ kjɨn^X ›	‹ kjɨn^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kə[r]ʔ/	/*kə[r]-s/
English	(kind of vegetable)	aconite
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蓳
Reading #	1/1
No.	6746
Phonetic component	堇
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	謹
Old Chinese	/*kɯnʔ/

Definitions

蓳

Viola verecunda, a kind of violet.

Vietnamese

Han character

蓳: Hán Nôm readings: thẽnh

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