茨

茨 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿戈一人 (TIMO) or 廿一一人 (TMMO), four-corner 4418₂, composition ⿱艹次)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1028, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30896
• Dae Jaweon: page 1487, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3208, character 6
• Unihan data for U+8328

Historical forms of the character 茨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zli) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 次 (OC *sn̥ʰis).

茨

1. caltrop, puncture vine, Tribulus terrestris

茨

1. (Teochew) Alternative form of 薯 (“potato, sweet potato and yam”)

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. briar, bramble

• Go-on: じ (ji)
• Kan-on: し (shi)
• Kun: いばら (ibara, 茨, Jōyō ^†); うばら (ubara, 茨); うまら (umara, 茨); むばら (mubara, 茨)
• Nanori: あし (ashi); えばら (ebara); ばら (bara); まつ (matsu); まん (man)

/ubara/ → /ibara/

Sound shift from Old Japanese ubara (see below).[1] Now the modern version of this term.

• (Tokyo) いばら [ìbárá] (Heiban – [0])[2]
• IPA^(key): [iba̠ɾa̠]

茨(いばら) • (ibara) 

1. a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble

   Synonyms: 刺 (toge), 棘 (toge), 針 (hari), 鍼 (hari)

   • 1999 May 27, “魔(ま)界(かい)のイバラ [Thorns of the Demon World]”, in Vol.3, Konami:

     魔(ま)界(かい)に生(せい)息(そく)するイバラ。無(む)理(り)に通(とお)ろうとする者(もの)にからみつく。

     Makai ni seisoku suru ibara. Muri ni tōrō to suru mono ni karamitsuku.

     A thorny plant that grows in the demon world. It constricts any unwary passerby.

2. (regional, chiefly Kansai) a thorn on a plant
3. general name for wild roses
4. (figurative) suffering, hardship, distress
5. (architecture, construction) the point where two curved lines come together, such as the tip of a cusped gable
6. (historical, slang) during the Edo period, a downmarket prostitute

   Synonym: 端女郎 (hashijorou)

From Old Japanese.[1][2] Used in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[3]

Appears alongside the umara form (see below), suggesting possible prenasalization, perhaps realized as */umbara/.

Superseded by ibara above.

• IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝba̠ɾa̠]

茨(うばら) • (ubara) 

1. (archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble
2. (archaic) general name for wild roses

• 薔薇(ばら) (bara)

From Old Japanese.[1][2] Used in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[4]

Appears alongside the ubara form (see above), suggesting possible prenasalization, perhaps realized as */umbara/.

Superseded by ibara above.

茨(うまら) • (umara) 

1. (archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble
   • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki, page 47:

     翹棘 翹尅 音交 訓久波多川 棘 音里 訓宇末良

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (archaic) general name for wild roses

Appears in the Heian period,[1] apparently as a shift from ubara. Used in The Tales of Ise dating to the early 900s CE.[2]

Considering the earlier free alternation between ubara and umara, suggesting a possible prenasalized pronunciation such as */umbara/, this mubara may have arisen from an alternative spelling to clarify nasalization. Old Japanese orthography had no unambiguous means of specifying the nasal coda consonant ん (n), using む (mu) instead. In fact, the modern kana ん (n) developed from a hentaigana form of む (mu).

Superseded by ibara above.

• IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ᵝba̠ɾa̠]

茨(むばら) • (mubara) 

1. (archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble
2. (archaic) general name for wild roses

• Unknown (794) Yoshinori Kobayashi, editor, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (Kojisho Ongi Shūsei) (in Japanese), volume 1, Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN.

茨 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

茨: Hán Nôm readings: tỳ, tì

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.