自首

Chinese
self to plead guilty
simp. and trad.
(自首)		 自 首

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 自 首
Reading # 1/1 2/2
Initial (聲) 從 (15) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 脂 (15) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 疾二切 舒救切
Baxter dzijH syuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ziɪH/ /ɕɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ziH/ /ɕiuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡zjɪH/ /ɕiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ziH/ /ɕuwH/
Li
Rong		 /d͡ziH/ /ɕiuH/
Wang
Li		 /d͡ziH/ /ɕĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡zʱiH/ /ɕi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zì shòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zi6 sau3

Verb

自首

  1. (law, intransitive) to turn oneself in; to give up; to surrender

Synonyms

Japanese
Kanji in this term
自 首
じ
Grade: 2		 しゅ
Grade: 2
goon

Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 自首 (MC dzijH syuwH, literally “self + report to the authorities; plead guilty”). Borrowed into Old Japanese, where its first mention is in the Ritsuryō legal code of 718 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

自(じ)首(しゅ) • (jishu) 

  1. (of a criminal) surrender, the action of turning oneself in
    Synonym: 自訴 (jiso)

Verb

自(じ)首(しゅ)する • (jishu suru) suru (stem 自(じ)首(しゅ)し (jishu shi), past 自(じ)首(しゅ)した (jishu shita))

  1. (of a criminal) to turn oneself in, to give up
    Synonym: 自訴する (jiso suru)
    その泥棒(どろぼう)は夕方(ゆうがた)のニュースで放送(ほうそう)された防犯(ぼうはん)カメラの映像(えいぞう)を見(み)て自首(じしゅ)した。
    Sono dorobō wa yūgata no nyūsu de hōsō sareta bōhan kamera no eizō o mite jishu shita.
    The thief turned himself in after he saw a video of himself stealing on the evening news.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "自首する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 自首し じしゅし jishu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 自首し じしゅし jishu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 自首する じしゅする jishu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 自首する じしゅする jishu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 自首すれ じしゅすれ jishu sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 自首せよ¹
自首しろ²		 じしゅせよ¹
じしゅしろ²		 jishu seyo¹
jishu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 自首される じしゅされる jishu sareru
Causative 自首させる
自首さす		 じしゅさせる
じしゅさす		 jishu saseru
jishu sasu
Potential 自首できる じしゅできる jishu dekiru
Volitional 自首しよう じしゅしよう jishu shiyō
Negative 自首しない じしゅしない jishu shinai
Negative continuative 自首せず じしゅせず jishu sezu
Formal 自首します じしゅします jishu shimasu
Perfective 自首した じしゅした jishu shita
Conjunctive 自首して じしゅして jishu shite
Hypothetical conditional 自首すれば じしゅすれば jishu sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
自首

Noun

自首 • (jasu) (hangeul 자수)

  1. Hanja form? of 자수 (“surrender”).

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
自首

Verb

自首

  1. chữ Hán form of tự thú (“to admit wrongdoing”).
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