突破

Chinese
to dash; to move forward quickly
 
to break; to split; broken
to break; to split; broken; damaged; worn out
trad. (突破) 突 破
simp. #(突破) 突 破

Pronunciation

Verb

突破

  1. (literally, military) to breach a main defense position; to pierce; to penetrate
  2. (figuratively) to make a breakthrough

Synonyms
  • (to breach a main defense position):
  • 攻破 (gōngpò)
  • 陷 (xiàn) (literary, or in compounds)

Noun

突破

  1. breakthrough

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (突破):
  • → Japanese: 突(とっ)破(ぱ) (toppa)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
突 破
とつ > とっ
Grade: S		 は > ぱ
Grade: 5
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
突破 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation
    • (Tokyo) とっぱ [tòppá] (Heiban – [0])[1]
    • IPA(key): [to̞p̚pa̠]

    Noun

    突(とっ)破(ぱ) • (toppa) 

    1. rising above, exceeding, breaking
    2. breaking through
    3. overcoming

    Verb

    突(とっ)破(ぱ)する • (toppa suru) suru (stem 突(とっ)破(ぱ)し (toppa shi), past 突(とっ)破(ぱ)した (toppa shita))

    1. exceed, pass, break (a level, a mark)
      4000(よんせん)人(にん)の大台(おおだい)を突破(とっぱ)した。
      Yonsen-nin no ōdai o toppa shita.
      The death toll surpassed four thousands.
    2. break through
    3. overcome

    Conjugation
    Conjugation of "突破する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
    Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
    Mizenkei ("imperfective") 突破し とっぱし toppa shi
    Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 突破し とっぱし toppa shi
    Shūshikei ("terminal") 突破する とっぱする toppa suru
    Rentaikei ("attributive") 突破する とっぱする toppa suru
    Kateikei ("hypothetical") 突破すれ とっぱすれ toppa sure
    Meireikei ("imperative") 突破せよ¹
    突破しろ²    		 とっぱせよ¹
    とっぱしろ²    		 toppa seyo¹
    toppa shiro²
    Key constructions
    Passive 突破される とっぱされる toppa sareru
    Causative 突破させる
    突破さす    		 とっぱさせる
    とっぱさす    		 toppa saseru
    toppa sasu
    Potential 突破できる とっぱできる toppa dekiru
    Volitional 突破しよう とっぱしよう toppa shiyō
    Negative 突破しない とっぱしない toppa shinai
    Negative continuative 突破せず とっぱせず toppa sezu
    Formal 突破します とっぱします toppa shimasu
    Perfective 突破した とっぱした toppa shita
    Conjunctive 突破して とっぱして toppa shite
    Hypothetical conditional 突破すれば とっぱすれば toppa sureba
    ¹ Written imperative

    ² Spoken imperative

    References
    1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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