日向

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 日向.

日向

1. (～市) Hyūga (a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan)

Compound of 日 (hi, “sun”) +‎ な (na, Old Japanese possessive particle) +‎ た (ta, “direction, side”).

The ta element is found in terms such as あなた (anata, “you”, originally “that side (distant)”), そなた (sonata, “you”, archaic; originally “that side (nearby)”).[1]

• 日なた

• (Tokyo) ひなた [hìnátá] (Heiban – [0])[2]
• IPA^(key): [çina̠ta̠]

日(ひ)向(なた) • (hinata) 

1. the direction the sun is shining
   • c. 1061, Sagami-shū (poem 525)

     さしてこしひなたの山(やま)を頼(たの)むには目(め)も明(あき)らかに見(み)えざらめやは

     sashite koshi hinata no yama o tanomu ni wa me mo akiraka ni miezarame ya wa

     (please add an English translation of this example)

2. a sunny spot or place

   Antonym: 日陰 (hikage)

• 日向(ひなた)に氷(こおり) (hinata ni kōri, “ice in sun → melting → gradually disappearing”)
• 陰(かげ)になり日向(ひなた)になり (kage ni nari hinata ni nari)
• 夏(なつ)は日向(ひなた)を行(ゆ)け冬(ふゆ)は日(ひ)陰(かげ)を行(ゆ)け (natsu wa hinata o yuke fuyu wa hikage o yuke)

日(ひ)向(なた) • (Hinata) 

1. a placename
2. a female given name
3. a surname

⟨pi₁muka⟩ → */pʲimuka/ → /ɸimuka/ → /ɸiũɡa/ → /hjuːɡa/

Shift from Old Japanese 日向 (Pi₁muka → Himuka).[1][2]

Equivalent to a compound of 日 (hi, “sun”) +‎ 向か (muka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of verb 向く (muku), “to face (a direction)”).

• IPA^(key): [çɨᵝːɡa̠]

日向(ひゅうが) • (Hyūga) ^{←ひうが (fiuga)?}

1. a placename, especially:
   1. (historical) Short for 日向国 (Hyūga-no-kuni): Hyūga Province, an old province of Japan, corresponding to modern Miyazaki Prefecture on the eastern coast of Kyushu

      Synonym: 日州 (Nisshū)

   2. Short for 日向市 (Hyūga-shi): Hyūga (a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan)
2. (historical) an Ise-class battleship of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II (see Japanese battleship Hyūga on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ) (Should we delete⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
3. a surname
4. a female given name

日向(ひゅうが) • (hyūga) ^{←ひうが (fiuga)?}

1. (archaic) facing (opposite) the sun

Unknown, possibly a sound change from Old Japanese 日向 (pi₁muka → himuka); however, the /-mu-/ → /-ɾ̠u-/ shift is unlikely.

Alternatively, the spelling may be ateji (当て字), with the hiru portion equating to 昼 (hiru, “daytime”), and the ga of uncertain derivation. Compare 春日 (Kasuga).

• IPA^(key): [çiɾɯ̟ᵝɡa̠]

日向(ひるが) • (Hiruga) 

1. Short for 日向湖 (Hiruga-ko): one of the 三方五湖 (Mikata Goko, “Five Lakes of Mikata”) in Fukui Prefecture

Other various nanori readings.

日(にっ)向(こう) • (Nikkō) ^{←にちかう (nitikau)?}

1. a surname

日向(ひうが) • (Hiuga) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

日向(ひがの) • (Higano) 

1. a surname

日(ひ)向(こう) • (Hikō) ^{←ひかう (fikau)?}

1. a surname

日向(ひな) • (Hina) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

日向(ひなだ) • (Hinada) 

1. a placename

日(ひ)向(むかい) • (Himukai) ^{←ひむかひ (fimukafi)?}

1. a placename
2. a surname

日向(ひむか) • (Himuka) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

日向(ひむき) • (Himuki) 

1. a surname

日向(ひゅが) • (Hyuga) 

1. a surname

• 日向(ひむ)かい (himukai)
• 東(ひがし) (higashi, “east”)

• 向日(むこう) (Mukō)

From the Nihon Shoki (720 CE):

幸子湯縣、遊于丹裳小野。時東望之謂左右曰「是國也直向於日出方。」故號其國曰日向也。

The Emperor [Keikō] visited Ko₁yu and enjoyed himself at Nimono₂wono₁. At this time, he looked east and proclaimed left and right, “This province exactly faces the sun at its rising.” Therefore, this province was named Pi₁muka.

Compound of 日 (pi₁, “sun”) +‎ 向か (muka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of verb 向く (muku), “to face (a direction)”).

日向 (Pi₁muka) (kana ひむか)

1. Short for 日向國 (Pi₁muka-no₂-kuni): a province in ancient Japan, corresponding to modern Miyazaki Prefecture on the eastern coast of Kyushu
   • 720, Nihon Shoki, poem 103:

     摩蘇餓豫蘇餓能古羅破宇摩奈羅麼譬武伽能古摩多智奈羅麼勾禮能摩差比宇倍之訶茂蘇餓能古羅烏於朋枳瀰能菟伽破須羅志枳

     ma-So₁ga yo₂ So₁ga no₂ ko₁ra pa uma naraba Pi₁muka no₂ ko₁ma tati naraba Kure no₂ ma-sapi₁ ubesi ka mo So₁ga no₂ ko₁ra wo opoki₁mi₁ no₂ tukapasurasiki₁

     Oh true Soga! The sons of Soga, if they were horses, would be steeds of Himuka, if they were swords, would be blades of Kure! Thus it is fitting, that the sons of Soga should be in service of the great lord.[1]

• Japanese: 日向 (Hyūga)

• 東 (*pimukasi, “east”)