怯

怯	U+602F, 怯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-602F

← 怮
[U+602E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

怰 →
[U+6030]

Translingual

Han character

怯 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心土戈 (PGI), four-corner 9403₁, composition ⿰忄去)

Derived characters

𠵐𢯖𨨤

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 382, character 18

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10491

Dae Jaweon: page 712, character 8

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2283, character 6

Unihan data for U+602F

Chinese

simp. and trad.		怯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 怯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (去) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
佉	*kʰal
呿	kʰal, kʰas, *kʰab
抾	kʰɯ, kʰɯ, *kʰab
弆	kaʔ, kʰaʔ
祛	*kʰa
袪	*kʰa
阹	*kʰa
胠	kʰa, kʰas, *kʰab
魼	kʰa, kʰl'aːb
去	kʰaʔ, kʰas
麮	kʰaʔ, kʰas
鼁	*kʰas
砝	kaːb, kab
劫	kab, kab
鉣	*kab
蜐	kab, kab
怯	*kʰab

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiè, què

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄝˋ, ㄑㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hip³
Northern Min (KCR): kiĕ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khiap

(Teochew, Peng'im): kiab⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciè
  - Wade–Giles: chʻieh⁴
  - Yale: chyè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chieh
  - Palladius: це (ce)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: què
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyuè
  - Wade–Giles: chʻüeh⁴
  - Yale: chywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueh
  - Palladius: цюэ (cjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hip³
  - Yale: hip
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hip⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: hib³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːp̚³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kiĕ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiɛ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiap
  - Tâi-lô: khiap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiab
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiap̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiap̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiap̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰiap̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiap̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kiab⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiap
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiap̚²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 怯
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰie⁵¹/ /t͡ɕʰye⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰiɛ⁵³/ /t͡ɕʰyɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰie⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰiə²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰiə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰiɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰiɛ²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰie¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰiə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰyɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰie²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰie³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰie²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰieʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰiɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕʰa²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰieʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰie²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰie²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰiap̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hip̚³/
	Nanning	/hip̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/hip̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰiap̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰiɛʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰiɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰiap̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hiap̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: khjaep

Rime
Character	怯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	業 (147)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去劫切
Baxter	khjaep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨɐp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiɐp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨap̚/
Li Rong	/kʰiap̚/
Wang Li	/kʰĭɐp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ɐp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qie
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hip³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰab/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	怯
Reading #	1/1
No.	10698
Phonetic component	去
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	怯
Old Chinese	/*kʰab/
Notes	說文同㹤

Definitions

怯

timid; cowardly
- 2013 August 15, Dante Lam, 激戰 [jīzhàn, Unbeatable], spoken by 程輝 [Ching Fai] (Nick Cheung Ka Fai), Bona Film Group:
  
  行得上臺你就唔好怯喇，怯，你就輸成世。 [Cantonese, trad.]
  行得上台你就唔好怯喇，怯，你就输成世。 [Cantonese, simp.]
  haang⁴ dak¹ soeng⁵ toi⁴ nei⁵ zau⁶ m⁴ hou² hip³ laa³, hip³, nei⁵ zau⁶ syu¹ seng⁴ sai³. [Jyutping]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
to fear; to be afraid of
怯場／怯场 ― qièchǎng ― to suffer from stage fright
- 黃花不怯西風冷，只怕詩人兩鬢霜。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  黄花不怯西风冷，只怕诗人两鬓霜。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 12th—13th century, Xin Qiji, 鷓鴣天·翰墨諸君久擅場
  Huánghuā bù qiè xīfēng lěng, zhǐ pà shīrén liǎng bìn shuāng. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(dialectal) vulgar; tawdry
weak; feeble

Compounds

三好兩怯／三好两怯
不怯氣／不怯气
劣怯
勞怯／劳怯
卑怯 (bēiqiè)
喬怯／乔怯
大勇若怯
嬌怯／娇怯
嬌怯怯／娇怯怯
寒怯
小怯大勇
弱怯怯
心怯 (xīnqiè)
怯上
怯口 (quèkǒu)
怯場／怯场
怯夫
怯床
怯弱 (qièruò)
怯怯
怯怯喬喬／怯怯乔乔
怯怯羞羞
怯憐戶／怯怜户
怯懦 (qiènuò)
怯死
怯殼兒／怯壳儿
怯生 (qièshēng)
怯生生
怯症
怯禮／怯礼
怯聲怯氣／怯声怯气
怯話／怯话
怯陣／怯阵
怯頭怯惱／怯头怯恼
恇怯
情怯
懼怯／惧怯 (jùquè)
畏怯 (wèiqiè)
瘦怯怯
羞怯 (xiūqiè)
羞怯怯
脆怯
膽怯／胆怯 (dǎnqiè)
臨死不怯／临死不怯
薄怯
薄怯怯
薄薄怯怯
虛怯／虚怯
軟怯怯／软怯怯
近鄉情怯／近乡情怯
退怯怯
露怯 (lòuqiè)
餒怯／馁怯

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (怯):

→ Vietnamese: khiếp (怯)

References

“Query for 怯”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

怯

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

to be scared, to be frightened
timid; cowardly

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō)^{←こふ (kofu, historical)}
Kan-on: きょう (kyō)^{←けふ (kefu, historical)}
Kun: おびえる (obieru, 怯る); おじける (ojikeru, 怯じける); おそれる (osoreru, 怯れる); ひるむ (hirumu, 怯む); よわい (yowai, 怯い)

Compounds

怯(きょう)臆(おく) (kyōoku)
怯(きょう)悸(き) (kyōki)
怯(きょう)者(しゃ) (kyōsha)
怯(きょう)弱(じゃく) (kyōjaku)
怯(きょう)懦(だ) (kyōda)
怯(きょう)夫(ふ) (kyōfu)
怯(きょ)弱(じゃく) (kyojaku)
卑(ひ)怯(きょう) (hikyō)
勇(ゆう)怯(きょう) (yūkyō)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 怯 (MC khjaep).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kʌ̹p̚]
Phonetic hangul: [겁]

Hanja

Wikisource 怯 (eumhun 겁(怯)낼 겁 (geomnael geop))

fear, fright

Compounds

겁나 (怯懦, geomna)
겁눌 (怯訥, geomnul)
겁렬 (怯劣, geomnyeol)
겁부 (怯夫, geopbu)
겁설 (怯薛, geopseol)
겁성 (怯聲, geopseong)
겁심 (怯心, geopsim)
겁약 (怯弱, geobyak)
겁의 (怯疑, geobui)
겁침 (怯鍼, geopchim)
겁타 (怯惰, geopta)
겁포 (怯怖, geop'po)
겁협 (怯脅, geophyeop)
경겁 (驚怯, gyeonggeop)
공겁 (恐怯, gonggeop)
과겁 (過怯, gwageop)
기겁 (氣怯, gigeop)
나겁 (愞怯, nageop)
나겁 (懦怯, nageop)
노겁 (老怯, nogeop)
다겁 (多怯, dageop)
대겁 (大怯, daegeop)
무겁 (無怯／無㥘, mugeop)
비겁 (卑怯, bigeop)
생겁 (生怯, saenggeop)
식겁 (食怯, sikgeop)
신겁 (腎怯, sin'geop)
심겁 (心怯, simgeop)
여겁 (餘怯, yeogeop)
외겁 (畏怯, oegeop)
자겁 (自怯, jageop)
취겁 (脆怯, chwigeop)
파겁 (破怯, pageop)
허겁 (虛怯, heogeop)
혼겁 (魂怯, hon'geop)
황겁 (惶怯, hwanggeop)
끽겁 (喫怯, kkikgeop)

References

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 怯

Vietnamese

Han character

怯: Hán Nôm readings: khiếp, khép

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