得る

Japanese

Etymology
Kanji in this term
得
え
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
獲 (uncommon)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Man'yōshū of 759.[1]

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "得る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 得る え​る [éꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 得ろ え​ろ [éꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 得られる えられ​る [èráréꜜrù]
Causative 得させる えさせ​る [èsáséꜜrù]
Potential 得る え​る [éꜜrù]
Volitional 得よう えよ​ー [èyóꜜò]
Negative 得ない え​ない [éꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 得なかった え​なかった [éꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 得ます えま​す [èmáꜜsù]
Perfective 得た え​た [éꜜtà]
Conjunctive 得て え​て [éꜜtè]
Hypothetical conditional 得れば え​れば [éꜜrèbà]

Verb

得(え)る • (eru) transitive ichidan (stem 得(え) (e), past 得(え)た (eta))

  1. [from 759] to get, acquire, gain, obtain, win, catch
  2. [from 1073] (following a verb in the attributive conjugation plus particle を (o) or abstract noun 事 (koto, “fact, instance, occurrence”)) to be able to, can (compare English get to do)
  3. [from 1073] (by extension; in the form ざるを得(え)ない (-zaru o enai) following the imperfective form of a verb) cannot help but doing, cannot but do

Conjugation
Conjugation of "得る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 得 え e
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 得 え e
Shūshikei ("terminal") 得る える eru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 得る える eru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 得れ えれ ere
Meireikei ("imperative") 得よ¹
得ろ²		 えよ¹
えろ²		 eyo¹
ero²
Key constructions
Passive 得られる えられる erareru
Causative 得させる
得さす		 えさせる
えさす		 esaseru
esasu
Potential 得られる
得れる³		 えられる
えれる³		 erareru
ereru³
Volitional 得よう えよう eyō
Negative 得ない
得ぬ
得ん		 えない
えぬ
えん		 enai
enu
en
Negative continuative 得ず えず ezu
Formal 得ます えます emasu
Perfective 得た えた eta
Conjunctive 得て えて ete
Hypothetical conditional 得れば えれば ereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Classical conjugation of "得" (ア行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 得えe
Continuative (連用形) 得えe
Terminal (終止形) 得うu
Attributive (連体形) 得るうるuru
Realis (已然形) 得れうれure
Imperative (命令形) 得よえよeyo
Key constructions
Negative 得ずえずezu
Contrasting conjunction 得れどうれどuredo
Causal conjunction 得ればうればureba
Conditional conjunction 得ばえばeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 得きえきeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 得けりえけりekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 得つえつetu
Perfect tense (natural event) 得ぬえぬenu
Perfect-continuative tense 得たりえたりetari
Volitional 得むえむemu

Synonyms

Antonyms

See also

Suffix

得(う)る • (-uru) 

  1. [from 759] to be able to, -able
    出来(でき)得(う)る限(かぎ)り吾輩(わがはい)を入(い)れてくれた主人(しゅじん)の傍(そば)にいる事(こと)をつとめた。
    Dekiuru kagiri wagahai o irete kureta shujin no soba ni iru koto o tsutometa.
    I tried to be at the side of the master who let me in as much as possible.

Conjugation

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notes=* <small>¹ Written imperative</small>
* <small>² Spoken imperative</small>
* <small>³ Colloquial potential</small>
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

Conjugation of "得る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 得 え e
Continuative (連用形) 得 え e
Terminal (終止形) 得る うる uru
Attributive (連体形) 得る うる uru
Hypothetical (仮定形) 得れ うれ ure
Imperative (命令形) 得よ¹
得ろ²		 えよ¹
えろ²		 eyo¹
ero²
Key constructions
Passive 得られる えられる erareru
Causative 得させる
得さす		 えさせる
えさす		 esaseru
esasu
Potential 得られる
得れる³		 えられる
えれる³		 erareru
ereru³
Volitional 得よう えよう eyō
Negative 得ない
得ぬ
得ん		 えない
えぬ
えん		 enai
enu
en
Negative continuative 得ず えず ezu
Formal 得ます えます emasu
Perfective 得た えた eta
Conjunctive 得て えて ete
Hypothetical conditional 得れば うれば ureba
Classical conjugation of "得" (ア行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 得えe
Continuative (連用形) 得えe
Terminal (終止形) 得うu
Attributive (連体形) 得るうるuru
Realis (已然形) 得れうれure
Imperative (命令形) 得よえよeyo
Key constructions
Negative 得ずえずezu
Contrasting conjunction 得れどうれどuredo
Causal conjunction 得ればうればureba
Conditional conjunction 得ばえばeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 得きえきeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 得けりえけりekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 得つえつetu
Perfect tense (natural event) 得ぬえぬenu
Perfect-continuative tense 得たりえたりetari
Volitional 得むえむemu

References
  1. “得・獲”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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