形容詞

See also: 形容词

Chinese
 
to describe; facial appearance; looks
to describe; facial appearance; looks; countenance
 word; phrase; classical Chinese poem
trad. (形容詞) 形容 詞
simp. (形容词) 形容 词

Pronunciation

Noun

形容詞

  1. (grammar) adjective

Derived terms

Japanese
Kanji in this term
形 容 詞
けい
Grade: 2		 よう
Grade: 5		 し
Grade: 6
kan’on

Etymology

From 形容 (keiyō, “description; form”) +‎ 詞 (-shi, “word; part of speech”).[1][2][3][4]

First cited to 1870.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

形(けい)容(よう)詞(し) • (keiyōshi) 

  1. [from 1870] (grammar) an -i adjective: specific to Japanese grammar, an adjective with an attributive form that ends in い (​-i)
  2. [after 1870] (grammar) (more generally, such as in another language) an adjective
    形(けい)容(よう)詞(し)の格(かく)変(へん)化(か)
    keiyōshi no kakuhenka
    adjectival declension
    所(しょ)有(ゆう)形(けい)容(よう)詞(し)
    shoyū keiyōshi
    a possessive adjective
    フランス語(ご)の形(けい)容(よう)詞(し)及(およ)び名(めい)詞(し)は、男(だん)性(せい)形(けい)と女(じょ)性(せい)形(けい)がある。
    Furansu-go no keiyōshi oyobi meishi wa, danseikei to joseikei ga aru.
    French adjectives and nouns have masculine and feminine forms.

Usage notes

In Japanese grammar, 形容詞 is a specific class of 用言 (yōgen, “inflectable words”), with a specific inflection. Historically, they include words whose 終止形 (shūshikei, “final form”) ends with し and whose 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) ends with き. In standard modern Japanese, they only include words whose both forms end with い (hence the alternate name "-i adjective"). Other endings occur in dialects. These contrast with other classes of words with adjectival functions, such as 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi, “-na adjectives”, literally “adjectival verbs”), 連体詞 (rentaishi, “adnominals”), and attributive nouns.

See also
  • ク活用 (ku katsuyō, “-ku conjugation”)
  • シク活用 (ku katsuyō, “-shiku conjugation”)
  • 第一形容詞 (daiichi keiyōshi, “-ku conjugation adjectives”)
  • 第二形容詞 (daini keiyōshi, “-shiku conjugation adjectives”)
  • 補助形容詞 (hojo keiyōshi, “auxiliary adjective”)
  • Category:Japanese い-i adjectives

References
  1. “形容詞”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. “形容詞”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean
Hanja in this term
形容詞

Noun

形容詞 • (hyeongyongsa) (hangeul 형용사)

  1. Hanja form? of 형용사 (“adjective”).

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
形容詞

Noun

形容詞

  1. chữ Hán form of hình dung từ (“adjective”).
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