U+5F18, 弘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F18

[U+5F17]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5F19]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 57, +2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈 (NI) or 難弓戈 (XNI), four-corner 12230, composition )

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 356, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9709
  • Dae Jaweon: page 673, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 990, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+5F18

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𢎞
𪪺
𢎪
𣧀

Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡʷɯːŋ) : phonetic (OC *kʷɯŋ, bow) + semantic (mouth) – the sound of a bow > a loud sound.

The later corrupts into (the ancient form of (OC *kʷɯːŋ)), which Shuowen interprets to be the phonetic component of the character.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation


Note: hêng — used in 弘一法師.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /xuŋ³⁵/
Harbin /xuŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /xuŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /xuŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /xəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xuŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /xuŋ²⁴/
Xining /xuə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /xuŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /xũn⁵³/
Ürümqi /xuŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /xoŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /xoŋ³¹/
Guiyang /xoŋ²¹/
Kunming /xoŋ¹/
Nanjing /xoŋ²⁴/
Hefei /xəŋ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /xuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /xũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦoŋ²³/
Suzhou /ɦoŋ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦoŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦoŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /xuʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /xan⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xoŋ¹³/
Xiangtan /ɦən¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /fen¹¹/
Taoyuan /fen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐŋ²¹/
Nanning /huŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /wɐŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hɔŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /huŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /hoŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hɔŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (33)
Final () (130)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter hwong
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦwəŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦʷəŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣuəŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦwəŋ/
Li
Rong
/ɣuəŋ/
Wang
Li
/ɣuəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣwəŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
wang4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
hóng
Middle
Chinese
‹ hwong ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɢ]ʷˁəŋ/
English vast

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5130
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡʷɯːŋ/

Definitions

  1. to spread; to enlarge; to expand
  2. great; grand; magnificent; broad
    See also:
  3. a surname

Compounds

  • 函弘
  • 取精用弘
  • 含弘
  • 四弘誓願四弘誓愿 (sìhóngshìyuàn)
  • 寬弘宽弘
  • 廣弘明集广弘明集
  • 弘一
  • 弘化
  • 弘大 (hóngdà)
  • 弘奧弘奥
  • 弘宥
  • 弘宣
  • 弘忍
  • 弘揚弘扬 (hóngyáng)
  • 弘教
  • 弘文館弘文馆
  • 弘明
  • 弘景
  • 弘正文學弘正文学
  • 弘毅
  • 弘決弘决
  • 弘法 (hóngfǎ)
  • 弘深
  • 弘烈
  • 弘獎弘奖
  • 弘範弘范
  • 弘經弘经
  • 弘誓
  • 弘農弘农 (Hóngnóng)
  • 弘通
  • 弘道 (hóngdào)
  • 弘遠弘远
  • 弘量
  • 弘願弘愿 (hóngyuàn)
  • 恢弘 (huīhóng)
  • 萇弘化碧苌弘化碧
  • 識量弘恢识量弘恢
  • 高談弘論高谈弘论

References

Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. to spread
  2. wide

Readings

Compounds

Proper noun

(ひろし) • (Hiroshi) 

  1. a male given name

(ひろむ) • (Hiromu) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun (keul hong))

  1. Hanja form? of (big).

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: hoằng, ngoằng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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