夜這い

Japanese
Kanji in this term
夜 這
よ
Grade: 2
(ateji)		 は > ば
Jinmeiyō
(ateji)
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
婚い

Etymology

From Old Japanese. Derived from 呼ばひ (yobai), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 呼ばふ (yobau, “to court a woman”), a combination of 呼(よ)ば (yoba), the 未(み)然(ぜん)形(けい) (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of verb 呼(よ)ぶ (yobu, “to call”) + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, “indicating repetition or ongoing state”).[1][2][3]

The spelling, composed of 夜 (yo, “night”) + 這い (hai, “crawling”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 這う (hau), “to crawl”), literally “night crawling”, is an example of phonetic ateji (当て字), with possibly some influence from folk etymology.

Pronunciation

Noun

夜(よ)這(ば)い • (yobai) ←よばひ (yobafi)?

  1. (historical) night-visiting, a man visiting a woman at night for sexual relations
  2. (historical) a proposal of marriage, a courtship
    Synonym: 求婚 (kyūkon)

Derived terms
  • 夜這人(よばいびと) (yobaibito, “a suitor”)
  • 夜這星(よばいぼし) (yobaiboshi, “a meteor”)
  • (classical) さ婚(よば)ひ(い) (sayobai, “marriage proposal”)
  • 婚文(よばいぶみ) (yobaibumi, “a letter proposing marriage, a love letter”)

Verb

夜(よ)這(ば)いする • (yobai suru) ←よばひ (yobafi)?suru (stem 夜(よ)這(ば)いし (yobai shi), past 夜(よ)這(ば)いした (yobai shita))

  1. (of a man) to visit a woman at night to have sexual intercourse

Conjugation
Conjugation of "夜這いする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 夜這いし よばいし yobai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 夜這いし よばいし yobai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 夜這いする よばいする yobai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 夜這いする よばいする yobai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 夜這いすれ よばいすれ yobai sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 夜這いせよ¹
夜這いしろ²		 よばいせよ¹
よばいしろ²		 yobai seyo¹
yobai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 夜這いされる よばいされる yobai sareru
Causative 夜這いさせる
夜這いさす		 よばいさせる
よばいさす		 yobai saseru
yobai sasu
Potential 夜這いできる よばいできる yobai dekiru
Volitional 夜這いしよう よばいしよう yobai shiyō
Negative 夜這いしない よばいしない yobai shinai
Negative continuative 夜這いせず よばいせず yobai sezu
Formal 夜這いします よばいします yobai shimasu
Perfective 夜這いした よばいした yobai shita
Conjunctive 夜這いして よばいして yobai shite
Hypothetical conditional 夜這いすれば よばいすれば yobai sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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