劫難

See also: 劫难

Chinese

		plunder	disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good
trad. (劫難)		劫	難
simp. (劫难)		劫	难

Etymology

Combination of abbreviated Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, “eon”) 劫波 + native Chinese 難 (“hardship”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiénàn

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄋㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gip³ naan⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiap-lān

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiénàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄋㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiénàn
  - Wade–Giles: chieh²-nan⁴
  - Yale: jyé-nàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyenann
  - Palladius: цзенань (czenanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ nän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gip³ naan⁶
  - Yale: gip naahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gip⁸ naan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gib³ nan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːp̚³ naːn²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiap-lān
  - Tâi-lô: kiap-lān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiaplan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiap̚³²⁻⁴ lan²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiap̚⁵⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiap̚³²⁻⁵ lan²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiap̚³²⁻⁴ lan³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiap̚³²⁻⁴ lan³³/

Noun

劫難

disaster; calamity; catastrophe (Classifier: 場／场; 次; 種／种)

Synonyms

亂兒／乱儿 (luànr) (dialectal)
人禍／人祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)
劫 (jié) (Buddhism)
劫煞 (Hokkien)
厄 (literary, or in compounds)
大禍／大祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)
大難／大难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)
天災／天灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)
央厄 (yāng'è) (literary)
奇禍／奇祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)
巨禍／巨祸 (jùhuò) (literary)
患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
慘事／惨事 (cǎnshì)
慘劇／惨剧 (cǎnjù)
慘禍／惨祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)
沙𧐔 (Teochew)
浩劫 (hàojié)
災／灾 (zāi) (literary, or in compounds)
災劫／灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)
災厄／灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)
災害／灾害 (zāihài)
災殃／灾殃 (zāiyāng)
災禍／灾祸 (zāihuò)
災變／灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)
災難／灾难 (zāinàn)
癰疽／痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)
眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)
禍／祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)
禍事／祸事 (huòshì)
禍害／祸害 (huòhài)
禍息／祸息 (ho⁵ si⁶) (Xiang)
禍患／祸患 (huòhuàn)
禍殃／祸殃 (huòyāng)

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