凌虐

Chinese
encroach; soar; thick ice oppressive; tyrannical
trad. (凌虐) 凌 虐
simp. #(凌虐) 凌 虐
alternative forms 陵虐

Pronunciation

Verb

凌虐

  1. (formal) to maltreat; to tyrannize over

Synonyms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (凌虐):
  • → Japanese: 凌(りょう)虐(ぎゃく) (ryōgyaku)
  • → Korean: 능학(凌虐) (neunghak), 릉학(凌虐) (reunghak)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
凌 虐
りょう
Jinmeiyō		 ぎゃく
Grade: S
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
陵虐

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) りょーぎゃく [ryòógyákú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [ɾʲo̞ːɡʲa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

凌(りょう)虐(ぎゃく) • (ryōgyaku) ←りようぎやく (ryougyaku)?

  1. humiliating and oppressing

Verb

凌(りょう)虐(ぎゃく)する • (ryōgyaku suru) ←りようぎやく (ryougyaku)?transitive suru (stem 凌(りょう)虐(ぎゃく)し (ryōgyaku shi), past 凌(りょう)虐(ぎゃく)した (ryōgyaku shita))

  1. to humiliate and oppress

Conjugation
Conjugation of "凌虐する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 凌虐し りょうぎゃくし ryōgyaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 凌虐し りょうぎゃくし ryōgyaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 凌虐する りょうぎゃくする ryōgyaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 凌虐する りょうぎゃくする ryōgyaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 凌虐すれ りょうぎゃくすれ ryōgyaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 凌虐せよ¹
凌虐しろ²		 りょうぎゃくせよ¹
りょうぎゃくしろ²		 ryōgyaku seyo¹
ryōgyaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 凌虐される りょうぎゃくされる ryōgyaku sareru
Causative 凌虐させる
凌虐さす		 りょうぎゃくさせる
りょうぎゃくさす		 ryōgyaku saseru
ryōgyaku sasu
Potential 凌虐できる りょうぎゃくできる ryōgyaku dekiru
Volitional 凌虐しよう りょうぎゃくしよう ryōgyaku shiyō
Negative 凌虐しない りょうぎゃくしない ryōgyaku shinai
Negative continuative 凌虐せず りょうぎゃくせず ryōgyaku sezu
Formal 凌虐します りょうぎゃくします ryōgyaku shimasu
Perfective 凌虐した りょうぎゃくした ryōgyaku shita
Conjunctive 凌虐して りょうぎゃくして ryōgyaku shite
Hypothetical conditional 凌虐すれば りょうぎゃくすれば ryōgyaku sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
凌虐

Noun

凌虐 • (neunghak) (hangeul 능학)

  1. Hanja form? of 능학.
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