冰
|
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Traditional | 冰 |
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Simplified | 冰 |
Japanese | 氷 |
Korean | 氷 |
Han character
冰 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈一水 (IME), four-corner 32130, composition ⿰冫水)
Derived characters
- 𢬄, 栤, 𥒜, 𦀋, 𨀰, 𨋲, 𣑏, 𭜯
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 131, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1612
- Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 295, character 9
- Unihan data for U+51B0
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 冰 | ||
---|---|---|
Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Vulgar character |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) : semantic 水 + phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ). The above vulgar character in Shuowen Jiezi is 凝.
Etymology 1
simp. and trad. |
冰 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed). Compare Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”), and perhaps Tangut 𘒓 (*par¹, “to congeal”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019; Jacques, 2014).
Within Chinese, 凌 (OC *rɯŋ, “ice”) and possibly 凝 (OC *ŋrɯŋ, “to congeal”) are usually considered cognates (STEDT; Zhengzhang, 2003; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). However, they are phonologically difficult to reconcile with the Tibeto-Burman cognates above (cf. Schuessler, 2007).
STEDT also includes 雱 (OC *pʰaːŋ, “heavy (snowfall)”) and 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “snowflake”) in the Chinese comparandum of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am.
Alternatively, this may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”), from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Definitions
冰
Synonyms
- (ice):
Compounds
- 冰上運動/冰上运动 (bīngshàng yùndòng)
- 冰人 (bīngrén)
- 冰冷 (bīnglěng)
- 冰凍/冰冻 (bīngdòng)
- 冰凉 (bīngliáng)
- 冰凌 (bīnglíng)
- 冰凌 (bīnglíng)
- 冰凍三尺,非一日之寒/冰冻三尺,非一日之寒 (bīngdòng sān chǐ, fēi yīrì zhī hán)
- 冰刀 (bīngdāo)
- 冰囊
- 冰坨 (bīngtuó)
- 冰場/冰场 (bīngchǎng)
- 冰塊/冰块 (bīngkuài)
- 冰塊兒/冰块儿
- 冰壇/冰坛
- 冰壩/冰坝
- 冰天雪地 (bīngtiānxuědì)
- 冰天雪窖
- 冰封 (bīngfēng)
- 冰屋 (bīngwū)
- 冰山 (bīngshān)
- 冰峰 (bīngfēng)
- 冰島/冰岛 (Bīngdǎo)
- 冰川 (bīngchuān)
- 冰川期 (bīngchuānqī)
- 冰巨行星 (bīng jùxíngxīng)
- 冰帆
- 冰床 (bīngchuáng)
- 冰心
- 冰掛/冰挂 (bīngguà)
- 冰排 (bīngpái)
- 冰掛兒/冰挂儿
- 冰排子
- 冰斗 (bīngdǒu)
- 冰景
- 冰晶 (bīngjīng)
- 冰晶石 (bīngjīngshí)
- 冰期 (bīngqī)
- 冰架 (bīngjià)
- 冰柱 (bīngzhù)
- 冰棒 (bīngbàng)
- 冰棍 (bīnggùn)
- 冰棍兒/冰棍儿 (bīnggùnr)
- 冰橇 (bīngqiāo)
- 冰櫃/冰柜 (bīngguì)
- 冰毒 (bīngdú)
- 冰水 (bīngshuǐ)
- 冰河 (bīnghé)
- 冰河時代/冰河时代
- 冰海
- 冰消瓦解 (bīngxiāowǎjiě)
- 冰淇淋 (bīngqílín)
- 冰清玉潔/冰清玉洁 (bīngqīngyùjié)
- 冰溜 (bīngliù)
- 冰激凌 (bīngjīlíng)
- 冰瀑
- 冰炭 (bīngtàn)
- 冰燈/冰灯 (bīngdēng)
- 冰片 (bīngpiàn)
- 冰球 (bīngqiú)
- 冰瓶
- 冰盆景
- 冰盆景兒/冰盆景儿
- 冰碴 (bīngchá)
- 冰碴兒/冰碴儿
- 冰磚/冰砖 (bīngzhuān)
- 冰窖 (bīngjiào)
- 冰箱 (bīngxiāng)
- 冰箸 (bīngzhù)
- 冰糖 (bīngtáng)
- 冰糕 (bīnggāo)
- 冰糖葫蘆/冰糖葫芦 (bīngtáng húlu)
- 冰肌玉骨
- 冰船 (bīngchuán)
- 冰花 (bīnghuā)
- 冰茶 (bīngchá)
- 冰蝕/冰蚀
- 冰袋 (bīngdài)
- 冰車/冰车
- 冰輪/冰轮 (bīnglún)
- 冰道
- 冰釋/冰释 (bīngshì)
- 冰錐/冰锥 (bīngzhuī)
- 冰錐子/冰锥子 (bīngzhuīzi)
- 冰鎮/冰镇 (bīngzhèn)
- 冰鎬/冰镐 (bīnggǎo)
- 冰鑒/冰鉴
- 冰鑹/冰镩 (bīngcuān)
- 冰雕 (bīngdiāo)
- 冰雪 (bīngxuě)
- 冰雪聰明/冰雪聪明 (bīngxuěcōngmíng)
- 冰雹 (bīngbáo)
- 冰霜 (bīngshuāng)
- 冰鞋 (bīngxié)
- 冰點/冰点 (bīngdiǎn)
- 愛玉冰/爱玉冰 (àiyùbīng)
- 採冰/采冰
- 春冰 (chūnbīng)
- 滑冰 (huábīng)
- 溜冰 (liūbīng)
- 臥冰/卧冰 (wòbīng)
- 芋仔冰
- 芋冰
Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 冰 – see 凝 (“to coagulate; to congeal; to freeze; to focus; to concentrate; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of 凝). |
References
- “冰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Readings
- Go-on: ひょう (hyō)←ひよう (fyou, historical)
- Kan-on: ひょう (hyō)←ひよう (fyou, historical)
- Kun: こおり (kōri, 冰)←こほり (kofori, 冰, historical); こおる (kōru, 冰る)←こほる (koforu, 冰る, historical); ひ (hi, 冰)
Korean
Vietnamese
Han character
冰: Hán Việt readings: băng (
冰: Nôm readings: băng[2][4][5][6], phăng[4][7][5][6], bâng[2][4][7], văng[3][4], bưng[4]
Compounds
- 冰河 (băng hà)
- 北冰洋 (Bắc Băng Dương)
- 南冰洋 (Nam Băng Dương)
References
- Génibrel (1898).
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
- Bonet (1899).
- Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
- Hồ (1976).