丞相

Chinese

		deputy	chancellor
simp. and trad. (丞相)		丞	相

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chéngxiàng

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁴ soeng³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sêng-siùⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵ siang³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chéngxiàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chéngsiàng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻêng²-hsiang⁴
  - Yale: chéng-syàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngshianq
  - Palladius: чэнсян (čɛnsjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    丞相
    成像
    成象
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sing⁴ soeng³
  - Yale: sìhng seung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁴ soeng³
  - Guangdong Romanization: xing⁴ sêng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²¹ sœːŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-siùⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: sîng-siùnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sengsviux
  - IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siũ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³⁻³³ siũ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sêng⁵ siang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng siàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siaŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: dzying sjangH

Rime
Character	丞	相
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	署陵切	息亮切
Baxter	dzying	sjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨŋ/	/sɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑɨŋ/	/siɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑieŋ/	/siɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiŋ/	/sɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ʑiəŋ/	/siaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ʑĭəŋ/	/sĭaŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əŋ/	/si̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chéng	xiàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing⁴	soeng³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-təŋ [s]aŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡljɯŋs slaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丞	相
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chéng	xiàng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzying ›	‹ sjang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m-təŋ/	/*[s]aŋ-s/
English	assist	appearance, quality
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丞	相
Reading #	2/2	2/2
No.	1415	13586
Phonetic component	丞	相
Rime group	蒸	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	丞	相
Old Chinese	/*ɡljɯŋs/	/*slaŋs/

Noun

丞相

(historical) Chancellor of State
- 漢罷三公官，置丞相、御史大夫。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  汉罢三公官，置丞相、御史大夫。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3^rd century CE
  Hàn bà sāngōng guān, zhì chéngxiàng, yùshǐdàfū. [Pinyin]
  During the Han dynasty, the offices of Three Ducal Ministers were abolished, and those of the Grand Chancellor and Imperial Censor were established.
- 炙手可熱勢絕倫，慎莫近前丞相嗔。 [MSC, trad.]
  炙手可热势绝伦，慎莫近前丞相嗔。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: Tang dynasty, Du Fu, Fair Ladies: A Ballad (《麗人行》), translation by Stephen Owen, The Poetry of Du Fu
  Zhìshǒukěrè shì juélún, shèn mò jìnqián chéngxiàng chēn. [Pinyin]
  Heat that can burn the hands, power beyond all measure―
  Take care not to come close before the Minister's angry glare!

Synonyms

相府 (xiàngfǔ)
相 (xiàng)
相國／相国 (xiàngguó)
宰相 (zǎixiàng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (丞相):

→ Japanese: 丞相(じょうしょう) (jōshō); 丞相(しょうじょう) (shōjō)
→ Korean: 승상(丞相) (seungsang)
→ Vietnamese: thừa tướng (丞相)

See also

首相 (shǒuxiàng)
議長／议长 (yìzhǎng)
主席 (zhǔxí)
總理／总理 (zǒnglǐ)
總統／总统 (zǒngtǒng)
閣揆／阁揆 (gékuí)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
丞	相
じょう Jinmeiyō	しょう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じょーしょー [jòóshóó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑo̞ːɕo̞ː]

Noun

丞(じょう)相(しょう) • (jōshō) ^{←じようしやう (zyousyau)^?}

(historical) prime minister (in ancient China)

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
丞	相

Noun

丞相 • (seungsang) (hangeul 승상)

Hanja form^? of 승상 (“prime minister”).

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