くらい

See also: ぐらい

Japanese

Etymology 1
Alternative spellings
暗い
昏い

From Old Japanese.[1] Found in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) くらい [kùráí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠i]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "暗い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 暗く くらく [kùrákú]
Terminal (終止形) 暗い くらい
くら​い		 [kùráí]
[kùráꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 暗い くらい [kùráí]
Key constructions
Informal negative 暗くない くらくな​い [kùrákúnáꜜì]
Informal past 暗かった くら​かった [kùráꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 暗くなかった くらくな​かった [kùrákúnáꜜkàttà]
Formal 暗いです くら​いです [kùráꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 暗くて くら​くて [kùráꜜkùtè]
Conditional 暗ければ くら​ければ [kùráꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

くらい • (kurai) -i (adverbial くらく (kuraku))

  1. dark; dim
  2. sombre; gloomy
Inflection
Inflection of くらい
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) くらかろ kurakaro
Continuative (連用形) くらく kuraku
Terminal (終止形) くらい kurai
Attributive (連体形) くらい kurai
Hypothetical (仮定形) くらけれ kurakere
Imperative (命令形) くらかれ kurakare
Key constructions
Informal negative くらくない kuraku nai
Informal past くらかった kurakatta
Informal negative past くらくなかった kuraku nakatta
Formal くらいです kurai desu
Formal negative くらくないです kuraku nai desu
Formal past くらかったです kurakatta desu
Formal negative past くらくなかったです kuraku nakatta desu
Conjunctive くらくて kurakute
Conditional くらければ kurakereba
Provisional くらかったら kurakattara
Volitional くらかろう kurakarō
Adverbial くらく kuraku
Degree くらさ kurasa
Antonyms

Etymology 2
Alternative spelling
位 (obsolete for adverb)

/kurawi/ → /kurai/

Originally a compound of 座 (kura, “seat, where something is placed”) +‎ 居 (wi, “being, existing in a place”), literally referring to "where one is", and by extension, "status, rank, position; degree".[1][2] Appears from at least as early as The Tale of Genji (prior to 1021 CE).

Pronunciation

Adverb

くらい • (kurai) ←くらゐ (kurawi)?

  1. about, approximately
    新(しん)宿(じゅく)はどれくらい遠(とお)いですか。
    Shinjuku wa dore kurai tōi desu ka.
    How far is Shinjuku?
    十(じゅっ)分(ぷん)ぐらい掛(か)かる。
    Juppun gurai kakaru.
    It takes about ten minutes.
  2. at least, if anything
    今(こん)回(かい)くらいは頑(がん)張(ば)ろうかな。
    Konkai kurai wa ganbarō kana.
    Maybe I should put in the effort at least once (this time).
    これくらいは大(だい)丈(じょう)夫(ぶ)だろう。
    Kore kurai wa daijōbu darō.
    I imagine that you won't have difficulties with this much.
    いるだろ、好(す)きな人(ひと)くらい。
    Iru daro, suki na hito kurai.
    There must be someone you like
Alternative forms
See also

Noun

くらい • (kurai) ←くらゐ (kurawi)?

  1. grade, rank, standing
    位(くらい)が上(あ)がる、位(くらい)が下(くだ)す。
    Kurai ga agaru, kurai ga kudasu.
    To rise in rank, to lower in rank.
    位(くらい)の高(たか)い人(ひと) ― kurai no takai hito ― high-ranking person
  2. the throne, the crown
    位(くらい)を譲(ゆず)る ― kurai o yuzuru ― to abdicate the throne
    位(くらい)につく ― kurai ni tsuku ― to assume the throne
  3. (mathematics) place, position
  4. being at the point where ...
Derived terms
  • 位(くらい)する (kurai suru)
  • 位(くらい)倒(だお)れ (kuraidaore)
  • 位(くらい)付(づ)け (kuraizuke)
  • 位(くらい)取(ど)る (kuraidoru)
  • 位(くらい)負(まけ) (kuraimake)

Suffix

くらい • (-kurai) ←くらゐ (kurawi)?

  1. seat, position, rank, grade

Etymology 3
Alternative spelling
食らい

The 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 食(く)らう (kurau, “to eat”, informal).[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) くらい [kùráí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠i]

Noun

くらい • (kurai) ←くらひ (kurafi)?

  1. (usually in compounds) eating

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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