くらい

See also: ぐらい

Japanese

Etymology 1

Alternative spellings
暗い
昏い

From Old Japanese.[1] Found in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) らい [kùráí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠i]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "暗い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 暗く らく [kùrákú]
Terminal (終止形) 暗い らい
[kùráí]
[kùráꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 暗い らい [kùráí]
Key constructions
Informal negative 暗くない らくな [kùrákúnáꜜì]
Informal past 暗かった かった [kùráꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 暗くなかった らくなかった [kùrákúnáꜜkàttà]
Formal 暗いです いです [kùráꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 暗くて くて [kùráꜜkùtè]
Conditional 暗ければ ければ [kùráꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

くらい • (kurai) -i (adverbial くらく (kuraku))

  1. dark; dim
  2. sombre; gloomy
Inflection
Antonyms

Etymology 2

Alternative spelling
(obsolete for adverb)

/kurawi//kurai/

Originally a compound of (kura, seat, where something is placed) + (wi, being, existing in a place), literally referring to "where one is", and by extension, "status, rank, position; degree".[1][2] Appears from at least as early as The Tale of Genji (prior to 1021 CE).

Pronunciation

Adverb

くらい • (kurai) くらゐ (kurawi)?

  1. about, approximately
    (しん)宿(じゅく)はどれくらい(とお)いですか。
    Shinjuku wa dore kurai tōi desu ka.
    How far is Shinjuku?
    (じゅっ)(ぷん)ぐらい()かる
    Juppun gurai kakaru.
    It takes about ten minutes.
  2. at least, if anything
    (こん)(かい)くらい(がん)()うかな。
    Konkai kurai wa ganbarō kana.
    Maybe I should put in the effort at least once (this time).
    これくらい(だい)(じょう)()だろう。
    Kore kurai wa daijōbu darō.
    I imagine that you won't have difficulties with this much.
    いるだろ、()(ひと)くらい
    Iru daro, suki na hito kurai.
    There must be someone you like
Alternative forms
See also

Noun

くらい • (kurai) くらゐ (kurawi)?

  1. grade, rank, standing
    (くらい)()がる(くらい)(くだ)
    Kurai ga agaru, kurai ga kudasu.
    To rise in rank, to lower in rank.
    (くらい)(たか)(ひと)kurai no takai hitohigh-ranking person
  2. the throne, the crown
    (くらい)(ゆず)kurai o yuzuruto abdicate the throne
    (くらい)つくkurai ni tsukuto assume the throne
  3. (mathematics) place, position
  4. being at the point where ...
Derived terms
  • (くらい)する (kurai suru)
  • (くらい)(だお) (kuraidaore)
  • (くらい)() (kuraizuke)
  • (くらい)() (kuraidoru)
  • (くらい)(まけ) (kuraimake)

Suffix

くらい • (-kurai) くらゐ (kurawi)?

  1. seat, position, rank, grade

Etymology 3

Alternative spelling
食らい

The (れん)(よう)(けい) (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of the verb ()らう (kurau, to eat, informal).[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) らい [kùráí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠i]

Noun

くらい • (kurai) くらひ (kurafi)?

  1. (usually in compounds) eating

References

  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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