वाल
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative forms
Declension
Declension table of "वाल" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | वालो (vālo) | वाला (vālā) |
| Accusative (second) | वालं (vālaṃ) | वाले (vāle) |
| Instrumental (third) | वालेन (vālena) | वालेहि (vālehi) or वालेभि (vālebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | वालस्स (vālassa) or वालाय (vālāya) or वालत्थं (vālatthaṃ) | वालानं (vālānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | वालस्मा (vālasmā) or वालम्हा (vālamhā) or वाला (vālā) | वालेहि (vālehi) or वालेभि (vālebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | वालस्स (vālassa) | वालानं (vālānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | वालस्मिं (vālasmiṃ) or वालम्हि (vālamhi) or वाले (vāle) | वालेसु (vālesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | वाल (vāla) | वाला (vālā) |
Alternative forms
Declension
Declension table of "वाल" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | वालो (vālo) | वाला (vālā) |
| Accusative (second) | वालं (vālaṃ) | वाले (vāle) |
| Instrumental (third) | वालेन (vālena) | वालेहि (vālehi) or वालेभि (vālebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | वालस्स (vālassa) or वालाय (vālāya) or वालत्थं (vālatthaṃ) | वालानं (vālānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | वालस्मा (vālasmā) or वालम्हा (vālamhā) or वाला (vālā) | वालेहि (vālehi) or वालेभि (vālebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | वालस्स (vālassa) | वालानं (vālānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | वालस्मिं (vālasmiṃ) or वालम्हि (vālamhi) or वाले (vāle) | वालेसु (vālesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | वाल (vāla) | वाला (vālā) |
Declension table of "वाल" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | वालं (vālaṃ) | वालानि (vālāni) |
| Accusative (second) | वालं (vālaṃ) | वालानि (vālāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | वालेन (vālena) | वालेहि (vālehi) or वालेभि (vālebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | वालस्स (vālassa) or वालाय (vālāya) or वालत्थं (vālatthaṃ) | वालानं (vālānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | वालस्मा (vālasmā) or वालम्हा (vālamhā) or वाला (vālā) | वालेहि (vālehi) or वालेभि (vālebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | वालस्स (vālassa) | वालानं (vālānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | वालस्मिं (vālasmiṃ) or वालम्हि (vālamhi) or वाले (vāle) | वालेसु (vālesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | वाल (vāla) | वालानि (vālāni) |
Sanskrit
Etymology
Uncertain; possibly cognate with Lithuanian valaĩ (“hair of the tail”), if so from Proto-Indo-European *ul (“the tail”), Cognate with Latin *ulos (“tail”) (attested in adūlor), presumably from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wālás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wālás, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to turn”).[1] Further suggested to be related to Latin adūlor. Possibly of Austroasiatic origin according to Przyluski, compare Vietnamese vải (“cotton”), Lao ຝ້າຍ (fāi, “cotton”) (a borrowing from Vietic). However the proper Proto-Austronesian root is *k-rn-pas, whence Sanskrit कर्पास (through Munda), so this hypothesis is untenable.
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of वाल (vāla) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | वालः vālaḥ |
वालौ / वाला¹ vālau / vālā¹ |
वालाः / वालासः¹ vālāḥ / vālāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | वाल vāla |
वालौ / वाला¹ vālau / vālā¹ |
वालाः / वालासः¹ vālāḥ / vālāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | वालम् vālam |
वालौ / वाला¹ vālau / vālā¹ |
वालान् vālān |
| Instrumental | वालेन vālena |
वालाभ्याम् vālābhyām |
वालैः / वालेभिः¹ vālaiḥ / vālebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | वालाय vālāya |
वालाभ्याम् vālābhyām |
वालेभ्यः vālebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | वालात् vālāt |
वालाभ्याम् vālābhyām |
वालेभ्यः vālebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | वालस्य vālasya |
वालयोः vālayoḥ |
वालानाम् vālānām |
| Locative | वाले vāle |
वालयोः vālayoḥ |
वालेषु vāleṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Assamese: বাল (bal, “pubic hair”)
- Bengali: বাল (bal, “pubic hair”)
- Dhivehi: ބޯ, ބޮލު (bō, bolu, “head or hair”)
- Gujarati: વાળ (vāḷ, “hair”)
- Hindi: बाल (bāl, “hair”)
- Kashmiri: وال (vāl, “hair”)
- Pali: vāla (“tail, tail hair”)
- Punjabi: (“hair”) وال (vāl) / ਵਾਲ (vāl)
- Romani: bal (“hair”)
- Saraiki: وال (vāl, “hair”)
- Urdu: بال (bāl)
- →? Kannada: ಬಾಲ (bāla, “tail”) (probably)
- → Tamil: வால் (vāl)
References
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “vā́ra-¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 545
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