यों
Hindi
Alternative forms
- यूँ (yū̃) — pronunciation spelling
Etymology
Inherited from Old Hindi यूं (yūṃ), from Sauraseni Apabhramsa एंव (eṃva), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀯 (eva), 𑀏𑀯𑀁 (evaṃ), from Sanskrit एवम् (evam), ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háywas, from Proto-Indo-European *óywos.
Coordinate terms
Hindi correlatives
| type | interrogative | relative | proximal demonstrative | distal demonstrative | indefinite | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic | non-emphatic | कौन (kaun, “who?”), क्या (kyā, “what?”) |
जो (jo) | यह (yah) | वह (vah) | कुछ (kuch), कोई (koī), कुछ-न-कुछ (kuch-na-kuch), कोई-न-कोई (koī-na-koī) | |
| emphatic | - | जो भी (jo bhī) | यही (yahī) | वही (vahī) | कोई भी (koī bhī), कुछ भी (kuch bhī) | ||
| time | non-emphatic | कब (kab) | जब (jab) | अब (ab) | तब (tab) | कभी (kabhī) | |
| emphatic | - | जभी (jabhī) | अभी (abhī) | तभी (tabhī) | कभी भी (kabhī bhī) | ||
| place | non-emphatic | कहाँ (kahā̃) | जहाँ (jahā̃) | यहाँ (yahā̃) | वहाँ (vahā̃) | कहीं (kahī̃, “somewhere”) | |
| emphatic | - | जहीं (jahī̃) | यहीं (yahī̃) | वहीं (vahī̃) | कहीं भी (kahī̃ bhī, “anywhere”) | ||
| quantity | कितना (kitnā) | जितना (jitnā) | इतना (itnā) | उतना (utnā) | - | ||
| direction | किधर (kidhar) | जिधर (jidhar) | इधर (idhar) | उधर (udhar) | - | ||
| quality | कैसा (kaisā) | जैसा (jaisā) | ऐसा (aisā) | वैसा (vaisā), तैसा m (taisā) | कोई सा (koī sā) | ||
| manner | कैसे (kaise) | जैसे (jaise) | ऐसे (aise), | वैसे (vaise), तैसे (taise) | - | ||
| reason/manner | क्यों (kyõ) | ज्यों (jyõ) | क्योंकि (kyõki), यों (yõ) | त्यों (tyõ) | |||
References
- Jaroslav Strnad (2013) Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, →OCLC, page 284
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “evaṃ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “यों”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
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