غير

See also: غیر and غ ي ر

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
غ ي ر (ḡ-y-r)

Compare غَارَ (ḡāra, to be jealous, to display zeal).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɣajr/

Noun

غَيْر • (ḡayr) m

  1. (in construct state):
    1. other than, different from, unlike
      غَيْرُهُḡayruhuanother (literally, “other than him”)
      هَل عِنْدَكَ أَصْدِقَاءُ غَيْرُ هَٰؤُلَاءِ؟
      hal ʕindaka ʔaṣdiqāʔu ḡayru hāʔulāʔi?
      Do you have any friends other than these?
      رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا غَيْرَهُ
      raʔaytu rajulan ḡayrahu
      I saw a man other than him.
      • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 6:68:
        وَإِذَا رَأَيۡتَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَخُوضُونَ فِيۤ ءَايَٰتِنَا فَأَعۡرِضۡ عَنۡهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ يَخُوضُوا۟ فِي حَدِيثٍ غَيۡرِهِۦ ۚ وَإِمَّا يُنسِيَنَّكَ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ فَلَا تَقۡعُدۡ بَعۡدَ ٱلذِّكۡرَىٰ مَعَ ٱلۡقَوۡمِ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    2. except, save, but
      لَا أُرِيدُ غَيْرَ ذٰلِكَ.
      lā ʔurīdu ḡayra ḏālika.
      I want only this.
      (literally, “I don’t want anything but this.”)
      وَصَلَ الْمُسَافِرُونَ غَيْرَ وَاحِدٍ.
      waṣala l-musāfirūna ḡayra wāḥidin.
      All the travellers arrived but one.
      • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 7:59:
        لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ فَقَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَٰهٍ غَيْرُهُ إِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    3. more than
      غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ
      ḡayra marratin
      more than once
    4. no, not, un-, non-, in-, dis-
      غَيْرُ طَيِّبٍ
      ḡayru ṭayyibin
      not good
      هَٰذَا غَيْرُ قَانُونِيٍّ
      hāḏā ḡayru qānūniyyin
      This is illegal
      يَكُونُ غَيْرَ قَانُونِيٍّ
      yakūnu ḡayra qānūniyyin
      It is illegal
      هٰذَا الْمَحَلٌّ غَيْرُ مَفْتُوحٍ لِلنَاسِ غَيْرِ الْمُتَحَضَّرِينَ وَالمُتَوَحِّشِينَ
      hāḏā l-maḥallun ḡayru maftūḥin li-n-nāsi ḡayri al-mutaḥaḍḍarīna wa-l-mutawaḥḥišīna
      This place is not open for uncivilized or uncouth people.
      (literally, “This place is not open for the other-than-civilized and uncouth people.”)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 95:6:
      إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ فَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ
      ʔillā allaḏīna ʔāmanū wa-ʕamilū ṣ-ṣāliḥāti fa-la-hum ʔajrun ḡayru mamnūnin
      Except for those who believe and work good deeds: their reward will not wear off.
  2. (in definite state اَلْغَيْر (al-ḡayr)):
    1. someone or something else; someone or something other than; other; others
    2. (law) third party
Declension
Synonyms
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Azerbaijani: qeyr
  • Chagatai: غیر
    • Uyghur: غەير (gheyr)
    • Uzbek: gʻayr
  • Ladino: gher (Haketia)
  • Ottoman Turkish: غیر (gayr)
    • Turkish: gayr
  • Persian: غیر (ğeyr)
  • Turkmen: gaýr

Etymology 2

Root
غ ي ر (ḡ-y-r)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɣaj.ja.ra/

Verb

غَيَّرَ • (ḡayyara) II, non-past يُغَيِّرُ‎ (yuḡayyiru)

  1. (transitive) to change, to alter
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 13:11:
      إِنَّ اللَّٰهَ لَا يُغَيِّرُ مَا بِقَوْمٍ حَتَّى يُغَيِّرُوا مَا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ
      ʔinna llāha lā yuḡayyiru mā biqawmin ḥattā yuḡayyirū mā biʔanfusihim
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɣu.jur/

Adjective

غُيُر • (ḡuyur) m pl

  1. masculine plural of غَيُور (ḡayūr, zealous, very jealous, very enthusiastic)

Noun

غُيُر • (ḡuyur) m pl

  1. plural of غَيُور (ḡayūr, zealot)

References

  • Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “غير”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
  • Lane, Edward William (1863) “غير”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
  • Wehr, Hans (1960) “غير”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 3rd edition, Ithaca, NY: Otto Harrassowitz

North Levantine Arabic

Pronoun

غير • (ḡayr, ḡēr)

  1. (definite) other than
    ما عنا غير القرايب.
    ma ʿinna ḡayr li-'rāyib.
    We have nobody but the relatives.
  2. (indefinite) other
    Synonyms: آخر (ʔāḵar), (only these can be used in definite construction) تاني (tēni)
    ما عنا غير قرايب.
    ma ʿinna ḡayr 'rāyib.
    We don't have other relatives.

South Levantine Arabic

Root
غ ي ر
5 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic غَيْر (ḡayr).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɣeːr/, [ɣeːr]
  • (file)

Preposition

غير • (ḡēr)

  1. except, apart from
    Synonyms: ما عدا (ma-ʕada), إلا (ʔilla)
  2. other, another, else, different
    Synonym: تاني (tāni)
    اعطيني واحد غيره.
    aʕṭīni wāhed ḡēro
    Give me another one (instead).
  3. un-, in-, dis- (turning the meaning of nouns and adjectives into the opposite)
    Synonym: مش (miš)
    غير مباشرḡēr mubāšerindirect
    غير قانونيḡēr qanūnīillegal, against the law
Inflection
    Inflected forms of غير
Base form غير (ḡēr)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms
singular plural
m f
1st person غيري (ḡēri) غيرنا (ḡērna)
2nd person غيرك (ḡērak) غيرك (ḡērek) غيركم (ḡērkom)
3rd person غيره (ḡēro) غيرها (ḡērha) غيرهم (ḡērhom)

Etymology 2

From Arabic غَيَّرَ (ḡayyara).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɣaj.jar/, [ˈɣaj.jar]
  • (file)

Verb

غيّر • (ḡayyar) II (present بغيّر (biḡayyer))

  1. (transitive) to change, to alter
Conjugation
    Conjugation of غيّر (ḡayyar)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m غيّرت (ḡayyart) غيّرت (ḡayyart) غيّر (ḡayyar) غيّرنا (ḡayyarna) غيّرتو (ḡayyartu) غيّرو (ḡayyaru)
f غيّرتي (ḡayyarti) غيّرت (ḡayyarat)
present m بغيّر (baḡayyer) بتغيّر (bitḡayyer) بغيّر (biḡayyer) منغيّر (minḡayyer) بتغيّرو (bitḡayyru) بغيّرو (biḡayyru)
f بتغيّري (bitḡayyri) بتغيّر (bitḡayyer)
subjunctive m اغيّر (aḡayyer) تغيّر (tḡayyer) يغيّر (yḡayyer) نغيّر (nḡayyer) تغيّرو (tḡayyru) يغيّرو (yḡayyru)
f تغيّري (tḡayyri) تغيّر (tḡayyer)
imperative m غيّر (ḡayyer) غيّرو (ḡayyru)
f غيّري (ḡayyri)
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