عبد

A Central Semitic innovation, cognate with Hebrew עֶבֶד (ʿéḇeḏ), Phoenician 𐤏𐤁𐤃 (ʿbd), Ugaritic 𐎓𐎁𐎄 (ʿbd), Classical Syriac ܥܒܕܐ (ʿaḇdā), Old South Arabian 𐩲𐩨𐩵 (ʿbd).

• IPA^(key): /ʕabd/

عَبْد • (ʕabd) m (plural عَبِيد (ʕabīd) or عِبَاد (ʕibād) or عُبْدَان (ʕubdān) or أَعْبُد (ʔaʕbud), feminine أَمَة (ʔama))

1. a person who is under the ownership of another, a slave, a bondservant

   Synonyms: (dated) مَوْلَى (mawlā, “servant”), رَقِيق (raqīq, “slave”)

   Coordinate terms: (dated) مَوْلَى (mawlā, “overlord”), رَبّ (rabb, “lord”), سَيِّد (sayyid, “master”)

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:32:

     وَأَنْكِحُوا ٱلْأَيَامَى مِنْكُمْ وَٱلصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ يُغْنِهِمُ ٱللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَٱللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ

     waʔankiḥū l-ʔayāmā minkum waṣ-ṣāliḥīna min ʕibādikum waʔimāʔikum ʔin yakūnū fuqarāʔa yuḡnihimu l-lahu min faḍlihi wal-lahu wāsiʕun ʕalīmun

     And marry the unmarried among you and the righteous among your male slaves and female slaves. If they should be poor, Allah will enrich them from His bounty, and Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing

   • (Can we date this quote?), عَميرة بن جُعَل التَّغْلِبيّ, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

     جَمَعْتُ رُدَيْنِيًّا كَأَنَّ سِنَانَهُ / سَنَا لَهَبٍ لَمْ يَسْتَعِنْ بِدُخَانِ
     لَيَالِيَ إِذْ أَنْتُمْ لِرَهْطِيَ أَعْبُدٌ / بِرَمَّانَ لَمَّا أَجْدَبَ ٱلحَرَمَانِ

     jamaʕtu rudayniyyan kaʔanna sinānahu / sanā lahabin lam yastaʕin biduḵāni
     layāliya ʔiḏ ʔantum lirahṭiya ʔaʕbudun / birammāna lammā ʔajdaba l-ḥaramāni

     I held up my Rudayni spear, its teeth like splendid, smokeless flames
     For nights, you were bondsmen for my troop, in Ramān, when the Sanctuaries dried.

   1. someone resembling, likened to, or related to a slave (as in status, worth, condition, and so on)
      • (Can we date this quote?), اَلْمُتَنَبِّيّ, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

        أَكُلَّمَا ٱغْتَالَ عَبْدُ السَّوْءِ سَيِّدَهُ / أَوْ خَانَهُ فَلَهُ فِي مِصْرَ تَمْهِيدُ
        صَارَ الْخَصِيُّ إِمَامَ الْآبِقِينَ بِهَا / فَٱلْحُرُّ مُسْتَعْبَدٌ وَٱلْعَبْدُ مَعْبُودُ
        نَامَتْ نَوَاطِيرُ مِصْرٍ عَنْ ثَعَالِبِهَا / فَقَدْ بَشِمْنَ وَمَا تَفْنَى العَنَاقِيدُ
        الْعَبْدُ لَيْسَ لِحُرٍّ صَالِحٍ بِأَخٍ / لَوْ أَنَّهُ فِي ثِيَابِ الْحُرِّ مَوْلُودُ
        لَا تَشْتَرِ الْعَبْدَ إِلَّا وَٱلْعَصَا مَعَهُ / إِنَّ الْعَبِيدَ لَأَنْجَاسٌ مَنَاكِيدُ
        مَا كُنْتُ أَحْسَبُنِي أَحْيَا إِلَى زَمَنٍ / يُسِيءُ بِي فِيهِ كَلْبٌ وَهْوَ مَحْمُودُ

        ʔakullamā ḡtāla ʕabdu s-sawʔi sayyidahu / ʔaw ḵānahu falahu fī miṣra tamhīdu
        ṣāra l-ḵaṣiyyu ʔimāma l-ʔābiqīna bihā / fal-ḥurru mustaʕbadun wal-ʕabdu maʕbūdu
        nāmat nawāṭīru miṣrin ʕan ṯaʕālibihā / faqad bašimna wamā tafnā l-ʕanāqīdu
        al-ʕabdu laysa liḥurrin ṣāliḥin biʔaḵin / law ʔannahu fī ṯiyābi l-ḥurri mawlūdu
        lā taštari l-ʕabda ʔillā wal-ʕaṣā maʕahu / ʔinna l-ʕabīda laʔanjāsun manākīdu
        mā kuntu ʔaḥsabunī ʔaḥyā ʔilā zamanin / yusīʔu bī fīhi kalbun wahwa maḥmūdu

        Can any fiendish slave who slew or stabbed his master find in Egypt refuge, there to be advanced?
        The Castrate King became the Chief of Runaways! The servants are revered; the freeman is disgraced!
        The Egyptian shepherds, they all are now asleep, and foxes roam, and all were drowsed with endless grapes!
        A freeman and a slave are neither peers nor brothers, though the slave may be in freemen's clothing raised.
        Never pay for any slave without the stick too: a slave, to noble men, is foul, and vile, and damned!
        I never thought that I would live and see a dog degrading me while he himself is hailed and praised!

2. (vulgar, ethnic slur, offensive, colloquial) nigger, term of abuse for a black person

• Libyan Arabic: عبد (ʕabəd)
• Maltese: għabid (obsolete, from the plural عَبِيد (ʕabīd))
• South Levantine Arabic: عبد (ʕabad)
• → English: abid
• → Maranao: abdo
• → Ottoman Turkish: عبد (abd)
  • Turkish: abit
• → Persian: عبد ('abd)
• → Sundanese: abdi
• → Tajik: абд (abd)

• IPA^(key): /ʕa.ba.da/

عَبَدَ • (ʕabada) I, non-past يَعْبُدُ‎ (yaʕbudu)

1. to worship, to serve, to be devoted to; to venerate or adore in a subservient manner

• IPA^(key): /ʕab.ba.da/

عَبَّدَ • (ʕabbada) II, non-past يُعَبِّدُ‎ (yuʕabbidu)

1. to enslave, to subjugate, to subject
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 26:22:

     وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ

     watilka niʕmatun tamunnuhā ʕalayya ʔan ʕabbadta banī ʔisrāʔīla

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• → Swahili: abada

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “عبد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

عبد (ʕabd) m (plural عبيد (ʕbīd) or عبدّة (ʕbədda))

1. slave

عبد (ʕabd) m (plural عبيد (ʕbīd))

1. (derogatory, ethnic slur) black man

عبد (ʕbad) I

1. to worship

Borrowed from Arabic عَبْد (ʕabd).

عَبْد • ('abd) (plural عباد)

1. slave
2. servant

• بَنْدِه (bande)
• غُلام (ğolâm)

From Arabic عَبَدَ (ʕabada).

• IPA^(key): /ʕa.bad/, [ˈʕa.bad]

• Audio (al-Lidd)

  (file)

عبد • (ʕabad) I (present بعبد (boʕbod))

1. to worship

Learned borrowing from Arabic عَبَّدَ (ʕabbada).

• IPA^(key): /ʕab.bad/, [ˈʕab.bad]

• Audio (al-Lidd)

  (file)

عبّد • (ʕabbad) II (present بعبّد (biʕabbed))

1. to pave

   Synonym: زفّت (zaffat)