شمال

Arabic

Root
ش م ل (š-m-l)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *šimāl-. Cognate with Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, left), Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, left side), Aramaic סְמָלָא (səmālā) / ܣܡܠܐ (semmālā, left side), Coptic ϣⲙⲟⲩⲗ (šmoul), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl). The north sense derives from the left-hand side facing the sunrise, also attested in Sabaean 𐩠𐩦𐩱𐩣𐩡 (hs²ʾml, to be northward).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʃi.maːl/

Noun

شِمَال • (šimāl) f (plural أَشْمُل (ʔašmul) or شَمَائِل (šamāʔil) or شُمُل (šumul))

  1. left hand
  2. left side
  3. bad omen
  4. handful of ears
Declension
Synonyms
Antonyms
References

Etymology 2

From the root ش م ل (š-m-l) meaning “to bundle, “to wrap”, “to huddle”, “to be cold” – such senses are influenced by the cold-dry northerly wind necessitating wrapping up with clothes.

Noun

شِمَال • (šimāl) m (plural شَمَائِل (šamāʔil))

  1. case, sheath, wrapping
Declension
References

Etymology 3

From the root ش م ل (š-m-l) meaning “to be leftward” – the north direction being the left-hand side facing the sunrise; constrast with اَلْيَمَن (al-yaman), originally denoting one's right-hand side, before developing the sense of "the south". Additionally it is relatable to the root meaning “to bundle” or “to wrap”, as the cold northern wind necessitated wrapping up with clothes, contrasting with جَنُوب (janūb, south) from the root ج ن ب (j-n-b) meaning “changing”, “laying aside” clothes, the warm southern wind allowing to put off clothes.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʃa.maːl/
  • (file)

Noun

شَمَال • (šamāl) m

  1. north
Declension
Coordinate terms
  • (compass points) اِتِّجَاهَات الْبَوْصَلَةِ (ittijāhāt al-bawṣalati);
شَمَال غَرْبِيّ (šamāl ḡarbiyy) شَمَال (šamāl) شَمَال شَرْقِيّ (šamāl šarqiyy)
غَرْب (ḡarb) شَرْق (šarq)
جَنُوب غَرْبِيّ (janūb ḡarbiyy) جَنُوب (janūb) جَنُوب شَرْقِيّ (janūb šarqiyy)

Noun

شَمَال • (šamāl) f (plural شَمَالَات (šamālāt))

  1. north wind
Declension
References

Chagatai

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شَمَال (šamāl).

Noun

شمال (šemal)

  1. wind

Descendants

  • Uyghur: شىمال (shimal)
  • Uzbek: shimol

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ش م ل
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic شَمَال (šamāl).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʃa.maːl/

Noun

شمال • (šamāl) m

  1. north
Coordinate terms
  • (compass points) اِتِّجَاهَات الْبوصَلَة (ittijāhāt al-būṣala);
شَمَال غَرْب (šamāl ḡarb) شَمَال (šamāl) شَمَال شَرْق (šamāl šarg)
غَرْب (ḡarb) شَرْق (šarg)
جَنُوب غَرْب (janūb ḡarb) جَنُوب (janūb) جَنُوب شَرْق (janūb šarg)
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Arabic شِمَال (šimāl).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʃu.maːl/, [ʃʊ.maːl]

Noun

شمال • (šumāl) m

  1. (rare) left
    Synonym: يَسار (yasār)

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ش م ل
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic شَمَال (šamāl).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʃa.maːl/

Noun

شمال • (šamāl) m

  1. north
Derived terms
See also

(compass points)

شمال
غرب شرق
جنوب

Etymology 2

From Arabic شِمَال (šimāl).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʃmaːl/

Noun

شمال • (šmāl) m

  1. left
Derived terms

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شَمَال (šamāl).

Pronunciation

 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʃʊ.mɑ́ːl]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ʃʊ.mɑ́ːl]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ʃu.mɔ́ːl̥]

Readings
Classical reading? šumāl
Dari reading? šumāl
Iranian reading? šomâl
Tajik reading? šimol

Noun

Dari شمال
Iranian Persian
Tajik шимол

شمال • (šomâl)

  1. north
  2. Northern Iran

Derived terms

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ش م ل
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic شِمَال (šimāl).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʃmaːl/, [ʃmæːl]
  • (file)

Noun

شمال • (šmāl) m

  1. left
    Antonym: يمين (yamīn)

Etymology 2

From Arabic شَمَال (šamāl).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʃa.maːl/, [ʃaˈmæːl]
  • (file)

Noun

شمال • (šamāl) m

  1. north
Derived terms
See also

(compass points)

شمال (šamāl)
غرب (ḡarb) شرق (šarq)
جنوب (janūb)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian شمال (šamāl), itself from Arabic شَمَال (šamāl).

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ʃʊ.mɑːl/, /ʃɪ.mɑːl/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑːl

Noun

شُمال or شِمال • (śumāl or śimāl) m (Hindi spelling शुमाल or शिमाल)

  1. north

See also

(compass points)

شمال مغربی شمال شمال مشرقی
مغرب مشرق
جنوب مغربی جنوب جنوب مشرقی

References

  • شمال”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • شمال”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

Ushojo

Noun

شمال (šmāl)

  1. light spray
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