دوزخ
Persian
Etymology
From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, “hell”), from Old Iranian *daužaxva, from earlier *duš-ahw-a-, from Proto-Iranian *dušHáhuš (literally “bad existence”), a compound of *duš- (“bad”) + *Háhuš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásuš (“life, existence, being”).
Cognates include Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšx), [script needed] (dwšwx /dušox/), Middle Persian 𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑 (dōžax), 𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑 (dōzax), 𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑 (dōjax), Manichaean Parthian [script needed] (dwjx /dōžax/), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daožauua), 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎 (dužaŋhu), Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ), Northern Kurdish doje(h) (dōža(h)), dûje(h) (dūža(h)), Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak), دوژه (dōžē).
Compare Old Armenian դժոխ (džox, “hell”) and Georgian ჯოჯოხეთი (ǯoǯoxeti), Iranian borrowings.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [doː.zax]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [d̪oː.zäx]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [d̪oː.zäx]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [d̪ʊː.zäx]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪uː.zæx]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪ɵ.zäχ]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | dōzax |
| Dari reading? | dōzax |
| Iranian reading? | duzax |
| Tajik reading? | düzax |
Derived terms
- دوزخی (duzaxi)
- اهل دوزخ (ahl-e duzax)
- دوزخبان (duzaxbân)
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: duzəx
- → Baluchi: دوزخ (dózux)
- → Bengali: দোজখ (dōjokh)
- → Gurani: دۆزەخ (dōzax)
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: दोज़ख़ (dozax)
- Urdu: دوزَخ (dozax)
- → Kazakh: дозақ (dozaq)
- → Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: دۆزەخ (dozex)
- Southern Kurdish: دووزەخ (dûzex)
- → Ottoman Turkish: دوزخ (dûzah)
- → Uyghur: دوزاخ (dozax)
- → Pashto: دوزخ (dōzax), دوږخ (doẓax)
- → Punjabi: ਦੋਜਖ (dojakh)
- → Turkmen: dowzah
- → Uzbek: doʻzax
References
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “دوزخ”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “dušox”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian دوزخ (dôzax), derived from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, “hell”), from Proto-Iranian *dušHahua (“hell”). Cognate with Bengali দোজখ (dōjokh), Old Hindi दोजग (dojaga), Gujarati દોજખ (dojakh) Punjabi ਦੋਜਖ (dojakh) / دوزَخ (dozax), Old Punjabi ਦੋਜਕੁ (dojaku), Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ), Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak) / دوږخ (doẓax), Chechen жоьжахати (žöžaxati), Azerbaijani duzəx, Gurani دۆزەخ (dōzax), Ushojo دوزخ (dōzax), Kazakh дозақ (dozaq), Central Kurdish دۆزەخ (dozex), Southern Kurdish دووزەخ (dûzex), Ottoman Turkish دوزخ (dûzah), Uyghur دوزاخ (dozax), Pashto دوزخ (dōzax) / دوږخ (doẓax), Turkmen dowzah, Uzbek doʻzax.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d̪oː.zəx/
Audio (PK) (file) - Rhymes: -əx
- Hyphenation: دو‧زَخ
Noun
دوزَخ • (dozax) m (Hindi spelling दोज़ख़)
Declension
| Declension of دوزخ | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| direct | دوزخ (dozax) | دوزخ (dozax) |
| oblique | دوزخ (dozax) | دوزخوں (dozaxō̃) |
| vocative | دوزخ (dozax) | دوزخو (dozaxō) |
Derived terms
- دوزَخ بَھرْنا (dozax bharnā)
- دوزَخ پالْنا (dozax pālnā)