< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dušHáhuš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *duš- (“bad”) +‎ *Háhuš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásuš (“life, existence, being”).[1]

Noun

*dušHáhuš m[1]

  1. hell

Descendants
  • Central Iranian
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎𐬨 (daožaŋhum, abl.sg.)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: doje, dojeh, dojî, duje
      Central Kurdish: دۆژە (doje)
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
      • Kermanic:
        Abyanehi, Farizandi, Tarehi: dūja
        Naraqi: dūjax
      • Parthian:
        Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫋𐫟 (dwjx /⁠dōžax⁠/)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Early Middle Persian: (/⁠dušahw⁠/)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwšhw')
      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dwšhwy)
      • Late Middle Persian: (/⁠dušox⁠/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫟 (dwšx), 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫇𐫟 (dwšwx)
        Pazend script: 𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑 (dōžax), 𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑 (dōzax), 𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑 (dōjax)
        • Classical Persian: دوزخ (dôzax)
          • → Azerbaijani: duzəx
          • → Baluchi: دوزخ (dózux)
          • → Bengali: দোজখ (dōjokh)
          • → Gurani: دۆزەخ (dōzax)
          • → Hindustani:
            Hindi: दोज़ख़ (dozax)
            Urdu: دوزَخ (dozax)
          • → Kazakh: дозақ (dozaq)
          • → Kurdish:
            Central Kurdish: دۆزەخ (dozex)
            Southern Kurdish: دووزەخ (dûzex)
          • → Ottoman Turkish: دوزخ (dûzah)
          • → Uyghur: دوزاخ (dozax)
          • → Pashto: دوزخ (dōzax), دوږخ (doẓax)
          • → Punjabi: ਦੋਜਖ (dojakh)
          • → Turkmen: dowzah
          • → Uzbek: doʻzax
          • Dari: دوزخ (duzax)
          • Iranian Persian: دوزخ (duzax)
          • Tajik: дӯзах (düzax)
          • → Baluchi: (reborrowing[1])
            Eastern Balochi: دوزک (dōzak), دوزې (dōze)
            Western Balochi: دوزخ (dōzax), دوژې (dōže)
          • Kurdish:
            → Southern Kurdish: دووزەق (dûzeq)
          • → Pashto: دوږخ (doģáx), دوغښ (doǧáẍ) (early reborrowing[1]), دوزخ (dozáx) (late reborrowing[2])
          • → Wakhi: dūzax (reborrowing[3])

References
  1. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) “*¹dauš-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 410-419
  2. Morgenstierne, Georg (1927) chapter 23, in An Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskapsakademi i Oslo; 3), Oslo: J. Dybwad
  3. Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “dū'zax”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume 2, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 521
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