خدا

See also: جدا and حدا

Balti

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /χu.dɑː/, [χu.dɑː]
  • Hyphenation: خُ‧دَا

Noun

خُدَا (xudâ) (Tibetan script ཁུ༹་དཱ)

  1. God

Baluchi

Noun

خدا • (xuda)

  1. God, god

See also

Khalaj

Noun

خُدا (Xudâ) (definite accusative خُداݧ)

  1. Arabic spelling of Xudâ (“God”)

Declension
    Declension of خدا
singular
nominative خدا
genitive خداݧ
dative خداقا
definite accusative خداݧ
locative خداچا
ablative خدادا
instrumental خدالا
equative خداوارا

Laki

Noun

خدا (xda)

  1. God, god

Persian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From earlier خدای (xudāy), from Middle Persian [script needed] (hwtʾy /⁠xwadāy⁠/, “lord”) (Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫑𐫇𐫅𐫀𐫏 (xwadāy)), with both religious and secular connotations. Rendered in Book Pahlavi as the ideogram [script needed] (MRA) (Aramaic 𐡌𐡍𐡀 (mnʾ /⁠mara⁠/), also meaning "lord"), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hwatā́wā (“lord, god”).

Cognates with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬜𐬀𐬙𐬀 (xᵛaδata, “self-determined”) (in the sense of "not dependent on anything/anyone"), Bactrian χοαδηο (xoadēo, “lord”), Northern Kurdish xwedê and Central Kurdish خوا (xwa), Sanskrit स्वधा (svádhā). Also related to خود (xod, “self”), خدیو (xadiv, “lord, master”), خاتون (xâtun, “lady, noblewoman”).

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [xʊ.d̪ɑː]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [xʊ.d̪ɑː]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [xu.d̪ɔː]

Readings
Classical reading? xuḏā
Dari reading? xudā
Iranian reading? xodâ
Tajik reading? xudo

Noun
Dari خدا
Iranian Persian
Tajik Худо, худо

خُدا • (xodâ) (plural خدایان (xodâyân))

  1. God, god
  2. lord
  3. patron
  4. chief
  5. master
  6. owner

Inflection
    Predicative forms of خدا (xodâ)
singular plural
1st person
(“I am, we are”)		 خدایم
(xodâyam)
خدام △
(xodâm)		 خداییم
(xodâyim)
2nd person
(“you are”)		 خدایی
(xodâyi)		 خدایید
(xodâyid)
خدایین △
(xodâyin)
3rd person
(“he/she/it is, they are”)		 خداست
(xodâst)
خداس، خدائه △
(xodâs, xodâe)		 خدایند
(xodâyand)
خدان △
(xodân)
△ Colloquial.

Descendants
  • Tajik: худо (xudo), Худо (Xudo)
  • → Azerbaijani: xuda
  • → Balti: ཁུ༹་དཱ (xu dā)
  • → Bashkir: хоҙай (xoźay)
  • → Bengali: খোদা (khōda)
  • → Chagatai: خدا
    • Uyghur: خۇدا (xuda)
    • Uzbek: xudo
  • ⇒ Chinese:
    → Dungan: хўда (hwda), Хўда (Hwda)
    → Mandarin: 胡大 (Húdà) (often Lanyin and Zhongyuan), 胡達／胡达 (Húdá) (Yinchuan, Xining, Ürümqi, and Sokuluk)
  • → Crimean Tatar: quday
  • → Hindustani:
    Hindi: ख़ुदा (xudā)
    • → Romani: xulay
    Urdu: خدا (xudā)
  • → Kamassian: кхудай (kʰudaj) (indirectly)
  • → Karakalpak: quday
  • → Kazakh: құдай (qūdai)
  • → Khakas: худай (xuday)
  • → Khalaj: Xudâ
  • → Kyrgyz: кудай (kuday)
  • → Kumyk: худай (xuday)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: خدا
    • Turkish: hüda
  • → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਖੁਦਾ (khudā)
    Shahmukhi script: خدا (xudā)
  • → Southern Altai: кудай (kuday)
  • → Shor: қудай
  • → Tatar: ходай (xoday)
  • → Turkmen: hudaý

References
  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “xwadāy”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 95

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خدا (xudā).

Pronunciation

Noun

خُدا • (xudā) m (Hindi spelling ख़ुदा)

  1. God
    مخلوق میں خالق کا نظر آیا جس کو اس دیکھنے والے نے خدا کو دیکھا۔
    maxlūq mẽ xāliq kā nazar āyā jis ko us dekhne vāle ne xudā ko dekhā.
    Who has seen the creator in the creation, that observer has seen God.
  2. god
    تمہارا یہ پتھر کا خدا کیا کر سکتا ہے؟
    tumhārā ye paththar kā xudā kyā kar saktā hai?
    What can this god of stone of yours do?
  3. lord
  4. master, owner
  5. (figurative) husband

Synonyms

Derived terms

References
  • “خدا”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “خدا”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خدا”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
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