ψεύδω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

No convincing Indo-European etymology; probably from Pre-Greek, as evidenced by the irregular alternation between /d/ and /tʰ/ in related terms, the latter in e.g. ψύθος (psúthos, lie, untruth), ψυθῶνες (psuthônes, slanderers) and the Homeric aorist ἔψυθεν (épsuthen). The oft-compared Old Armenian սուտ (sut, false; falsehood, lie) may still be related, if derived from a substrate language related to Pre-Greek.[1] Compare also ψύδραξ (psúdrax, pustule(s)).

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ψεύδω • (pseúdō)

  1. (active voice) to lie, deceive
  2. (middle voice, indirect reflexive) to lie for one's own benefit, cheat by lies
  3. (passive voice)
    1. to be lied to, be cheated
    2. (non-agentive)[2] to be mistaken, be wrong

Inflection

Derived terms

  • ἄψευστος (ápseustos, without deceit: truthful, honest)
  • διαψεύδω (diapseúdō, to deny, refute, contradict)
  • καταψεύδομαι (katapseúdomai, to slander, tell lies against, speak falsely of)
    • καταψευσμός (katapseusmós, slander, noun)
    • καταψεύστης (katapseústēs, liar; commentor)
  • ψευδάριον (pseudárion, fallacy), Ψευδάρια pl (Pseudária, title of a treatise by Euclid, literally Fallacies)
  • ψευδής (pseudḗs), ψαυδής (psaudḗs)
  • ψεῦδις (pseûdis, poet; word)
  • ψεῦδος (pseûdos, lie, untruth)
  • ψευδών (pseudṓn)
  • ψεῦσμα (pseûsma, lie, deceit)
  • ψούδιον (psoúdion, lie, untruth)
  • ψύδος (psúdos), ψύθος (psúthos, lie, untruth)
  • Ψυδρεύς (Psudreús, Hermaios, name of a month)
  • ψυδρός (psudrós, false, fraudulent)
  • ψυθῶνες (psuthônes, slanderers?)
  •  ? ψιδόνες (psidónes)
  •  ? ψεδυρός (psedurós), ψίθυρος (psíthuros), ψίθυρ (psíthur)

References

  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ψεύδομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1663–1664
  2. Rijksbaron, Albert (2006) The Syntax and Semantics of the Verb in Classical Greek. University of Chicago Press, p. 155, section 45.2, note 5.

Further reading

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