Ue is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]:549–551

Mongolian language

Ue
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
a
e
i
o
u
ö
ü
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
n
ng
b
(p)
q/k
γ/g
m
l
s
š
t
d
č
ǰ
y
r
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]:17,20[3]:546
ü Transliteration[note 1]
[lower-alpha 1] Alone
Initial
Medial (word-initial syllable)
Medial (subsequent syllables)
Final
Ligatures[2]:22–23,24–25[3]:546
, Transliteration
ᠪᠦ ᠫᠦ ᠭᠦ? w/o tail[lower-alpha 2] Alone
ᠭᠦ? w/ tail
ᠪᠦ ᠫᠦ ᠭᠦ Initial
ᠪᠦ ᠫᠦ ᠭᠦ Medial
ᠪᠦ ᠫᠦ ᠭᠦ Final
Separated suffixes[note 2]
ü(...) ü ün ügei üd Transliteration
? Whole
ᠦᠨ? ᠦᠳ?
ᠦᠭᠡᠢ?
  • Transcribes Chakhar /u/;[9][10] Khalkha /u/, /ə/, and //.[11]:40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ү.[12][4]
  • Indistinguishable from ö.[2]:20[7]:9–10
  • = an alternative final form; also used in loanwords.[13]:39 Additionally used in native and modern Mongolian ᠰᠦ? 'milk' (Classical Mongolian ᠰᠦ? or ᠰᠦᠨ sün).[6]:741,744[13]:39
  • The syllable-initial medial form is also used in non-initial syllables in proper name compounds,[13]:44 as well as in loanwords.
  • = medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound.[13]:44
  • Derived from Old Uyghur waw (𐽳), followed by a yodh (𐽶) in word-initial syllables, and preceded by an aleph (𐽰) for isolate and initial forms.[3]:539–540,545–546[14]:111,113[13]:35
  • Produced with U using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[15]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, ü comes after ö and before ē.

Clear Script

Xibe language

Manchu language

Notes

  1. As in ᠡᠭᠦᠦ/ egüü/ü (үү üü) 'wart; excrescence'.[6]:303,995
  2. As in the strengthening (emphatic) ᠭᠦ? (хүү khüü) particle,[6]:494[7]:46 or ᠬᠥ?/ᠬᠥᠭᠡ kö/köge (хөө khöö) 'soot; obstacle, hindrance; trouble', or 'ring of mail'.[6]:475,478
  1. Scholarly transliteration.[4]
  2. Separated suffixes starting with, or made up by the letter ü include: ? ü or ᠦᠨ? ün (genitive), ᠦᠭᠡᠢ? ügei (negation), and ᠦᠳ? üd (plural).[8]

References

  1. "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. 1 2 3 Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. 1 2 3 Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  4. 1 2 "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
  5. "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;:xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[5]
  7. 1 2 Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
  8. "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
  9. "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  10. "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  11. Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
  12. Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  14. Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  15. jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.