| Ili Turki | |
|---|---|
| İlı turkeşi И̇лı туркес̧и ي̇لي تۋركەسي | |
| Native to | China, Kazakhstan |
| Region | Xinjiang |
| Ethnicity | Ili Turk |
Native speakers | (120 in China cited 1980)[1] 30 families in China (2007); moribund in Kazakhstan |
Turkic
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ili |
| Glottolog | ilit1241 |
| ELP | Ili Turki |
Ili Turki is an endangered[2] Turkic language spoken primarily in China. In 2007, it was reported that there were around 30 families using it in China.
Classification
Ili Turki appears to belong to the Chagatay group of Turkic languages, although it exhibits a number of features that suggest a Kipchak substratum.[3][4]
A comparison of Ili Turki's Chagatay and Kipchak features is shown below:
| Kazakh (Kipchak) | Ili Turki | Uzbek (Chagatay) | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *G > w after low vowels | taw | taw | tɒɣ | mountain |
| Genitive assimilation | tyje+niŋ / et+tiŋ | tʉjæ+nin / et+tin | tʉjæ+niŋ / et+niŋ | of the camel / of the meat |
| *G > w > Ø after high vowels | sarɨ | sarɨq | sarɨq | yellow |
| Loss of geminate consonants | seɡiz | sekkiz | sækkiz | eight |
Geographic distribution
Ili Turki is spoken in China's Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture along the Ili River and its tributaries and in Yining. There may be some speakers in Kazakhstan. Ili Turki has no official status in either country.
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | tʃ | dʒ | k | ɡ | q | |||
| Fricative | s | z | ʃ | χ | ʁ | h | ||||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||||||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | |||||||||
Vowels
| Front | Central/back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Rounded | Unrounded | ||
| Close | i | ʉ | ɨ |
| Mid | e | ɵ | |
| Open | æ | ɑ | |
Vocabulary
| No. | Ili Turki |
|---|---|
| 1 | bir |
| 2 | ekki |
| 3 | ʉtʃ |
| 4 | trt |
| 5 | beʃ |
| 6 | altə |
| 7 | jetti |
| 8 | sekkiz |
| 9 | tɵqqʉz |
| 10 | ɵn |
See also
References
- ↑ Ili Turki at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ↑ Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2007). Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages. London: Routledge.
- ↑ Zhào, Xiāngrú; Hahn, Reinhard F. (1989). "The Ili Turk People and Their Language". Central Asiatic Journal. 33 (3/4): 261–285. JSTOR 41927706.
- ↑ Hahn, Reinhard F. (1991). "An Annotated Sample of Ili Turki". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 45 (1): 31–53. JSTOR 23658071.
External links
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