This is a chronology of the lifetime of Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie (reigned from 1930 to 1974).
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Haile Selassie in full dress, 1970
1892–1930
- 23 July 1892 – Haile Selassie (as Ras Tafari) was born from Ras Mekonnen Woldemikael and Woizero Yeshimebet Ali Abba Jifar.[1][2][3]
- 1 November 1905 – Tafari was renamed as Dejazmach at the age of 13.[4]
- 1906 – His father Ras Mikael died at Kulibi.[5]
- 1906 – Tafari assumed nominal governorship of Selale, enabled him to continue his studies.[6]
- 1907 – He was appointed as governor over part of the province of Sidamo.[7][8]
- 1907 – Following his death of his brother Yelma, the governorate of Harar was left vacant, which left to Menelik's loyal general Balcha Safo.[7]
- 1910/1911 – Tafari appointed as governor of Harar.[9]
- 3 August 1911 – Tafari married to Menen Asfaw from Ambassel, the niece of the heir to throne Lij Iyasu.[10][11]
- 1916 – Empress Zewditu made Tafari Ras and was made heir apparent and Crown Prince.[7]
- 11 February 1917 – During the coronation of Zewditu, she pledged Regent Tafari to rule fairly.[7]
- 1924 – Ras Tafari toured numerous countries: Jerusalem, Alexandria, Paris, Luxembourg, Brussels, Amsterdam, Stockholm, London, Geneva, and Athens.[12][13]
- 1928 – When Dejazmach Balcha Safo went to Addis Ababa with considerable size of forces, Tafari consolidated his hold over the provinces, many of Menelik's appointees refused to abide the new regulations.[14]
- 18 February 1928 – As Balcha Safo went to Addis Ababa, Tafari had Ras Kassa Haile Darge buy off his army and arranged to have him displaced as the shum of Sidamo Province, by Birru Wolde Gabriel who himself was replaced by Desta Damtew.[15][4]
- 2 August 1928 – the Italo-Ethiopian Treaty was signed to foster favorable relations between the two countries.[16][17][18]
- 7 October 1928 – Empress Zewditu crowned Tafari as Negus.[19]
- 31 March 1930 – Gugsa Welle was defeated by loyal forces of Tafari during the Battle of Anchem.[11]
- 2 April 1930 – Death of Zewditu; Tafari rose to power as Emperor of Ethiopia.[20]
- 2 November 1930 – Ras Tafari crowned as Haile Selassie I at Addis Ababa's St. George"s Cathedral.[21][22][23]
1930–1974
- 16 July 1931 – Emperor Haile Selassie introduced the first Constitution of Ethiopia, providing bicameral legislature.[24][25]
- 5 December 1934 – the Italians initially invaded Ethiopia at Welwel, in Ogaden; Haile Selassie armies set up headquarters at Dessie in Wollo Province.[26][27]
- 3 October 1935 – the Second Italo-Ethiopian War began.[28]
- 19 October 1935 – Haile Selassie gave more precise orders for his army to his Commander-in-Chief Ras Kassa.[4]
- 2 May 1936 – Haile Selassie appointed Ras Imru Haile Selassie as Prince Regent in his absence, departing with his family for French Somaliland.[29]
- 30 June 1936 – Haile Selassie appealed to the League of Nations address the invasion.[30]
- 1936–1941 – Haile Selassie lived in Bath, England, in Fairfield House, which he bought.[31]
- 18 January 1941 – during the East African Campaign in World War II, Haile Selassie crossed the border between Sudan and Ethiopia near the village of Um Idda.[32]
- 5 May 1941 – Haile Selassie entered Addis Ababa and reclaimed his throne after leaving for five years since Italian occupation, and address the Ethiopian populace.[33]
- 27 August 1942 – Haile Selassie abolished slavery in Ethiopia.[34][35]
- 1942 – Haile Selassie attempted to institute a progressive tax scheme.[36]
- 2 December 1950 – the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 390 (V), establishing the
- (the former Italian colony) into Ethiopia.[37]
- 4 November 1955 – the revised 1955 Constitution of Ethiopia adopted with unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy scheme.[38][39]
- 1958 – the famine of Tigray unveiled to Ministry of the Interior two years later, which contributed significant deaths.[40]
- 1959 – Haile Selassie played a role of the autocephaly of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church from Coptic Orthodox Church.[41][42]
- 13 December 1960 – a coup d'état was attempted against Haile Selassie during state visiting Brazil despite successfully suppressed by his loyal Kebur Zabagna army.[43]
- 2 December 1950 – The federation of Eritrea with Ethiopia had stipulated under UN Resolution 390 (V).[44]
- 1961 – Eritrean War of Independence began, followed by the dissolution of the federation and closing of Eritrean parliament.[45]
- 25 May 1963 – Haile Selassie formed the Organization of African Unity (OAU) headquartered in Addis Ababa.[46]
- 1964 – Haile Selassie would initiate the concept of the United States of Africa, a proposition later taken up by Mummar Gaddafi.[47]
- 1966 – Haile Selassie attempted to replace the historical tax system with a single progressive income tax, which weakened the nobility which previously avoided to pay taxes.[48]
- 1960s – 1970s – Students Marxism revolution took place among educated people with radical and left-wing sentiments to oppose Haile Selassie feudal administration.[49]
- 1972 – 1974 – the Wollo–Tigray famine killed about 40,000 to 80,000 Ethiopians. Haile Selassie was criticized for not reporting these famines.[50]
- 12 January 1974 – the Ethiopian Revolution began when Ethiopian soldiers began rebellion in Negele Borena.[51][52]
- 27 February 1974 – Prime Minister Aklilu Habte-Wold resigned as a result from mutiny. He installed the liberal aristocrat Endelkachew Mekonnen as a new Prime Minister.[53]
- June 1974 – The Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, also known as the Derg formed to topple Haile Selassie government.[54]
- 12 September 1974 – Haile Selassie was deposed by the Derg's General Aman Andom at the age of 82. He was subsequently imprisoned at National Palace in Addis Ababa.[55][56][57]
- 27 August 1975 – Haile Selassie died and pronounced on state media one day later on 28 August from "respiratory failure" following complications from prostate examination followed up by a prostate operation.[58][59]
- 17 February 1992 – After the fall of the Derg in 1991, Haile Selassie's bones were found under a concrete slab on the palace grounds.[60][61]
- 5 November 2000 – State funeral of Haile Selassie took place at Holy Trinity Cathedral in Addis Ababa.[62][63]
References
- ↑ Bookman, Dutty (2021-12-05). Haile Selassie I's Ethiopia, Volume One: The Rise of the Priestly Warrior Kings. Bookman Expr Llc. ISBN 978-0-9853755-0-8.
- ↑ "Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia (1892-1975) •". 2008-05-23. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
- ↑ "Haile Selassie I | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
- 1 2 3 Kasuka, Bridgette (2012-02-08). Prominent African Leaders Since Independence. Bankole Kamara Taylor. ISBN 978-1-4700-4358-2.
- ↑ Chidi, Sylvia Lovina (2014-06-13). The Greatest Black Achievers in History. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-291-90933-3.
- ↑ "Von Bedeutung sein ▷ Übersetzung Ins Englische, Synonyme, Aussprache, Antonyme, Bilder, Beispiele - NativeLib". hi.nativelib.net (in German). Retrieved 2022-10-01.
- 1 2 3 4 Kasuka, Bridgette (2012-02-08). Prominent African Leaders Since Independence. Bankole Kamara Taylor. ISBN 978-1-4700-4358-2.
- ↑ Shillington, Kevin (2013-07-04). Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-45669-6.
- ↑ Serels, Steven (2018-08-23). The Impoverishment of the African Red Sea Littoral, 1640–1945. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-94165-3.
- ↑ Ficquet, Éloi; Smidt, Wolbert G. C. (2014). The Life and Times of Lïj Iyasu of Ethiopia: New Insights. LIT Verlag Münster. ISBN 978-3-643-90476-8.
- 1 2 NA, NA (2016-09-27). Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia. Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-11786-1.
- ↑ Vestal, Theodore M. (2011). The Lion of Judah in the New World: Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia and the Shaping of Americans' Attitudes Toward Africa. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-38620-6.
- ↑ "Aethiopica 1". 1998.
- ↑ Asserate, Asfa-Wossen (2015-09-15). King of Kings: The Triumph and Tragedy of Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia. Haus Publishing. ISBN 978-1-910376-19-5.
- ↑ "Salomonic dynasty". ETHIOPIAN ROYAL DYNASTY. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ Great Britain and the East. 1935.
- ↑ Near East and India. 1935.
- ↑ Abc-clio; Services, ABC-Clio Information (1985). Africa Since 1914: A Historical Bibliography. ABC-Clio Information Services. ISBN 978-0-87436-395-1.
- ↑ Axelrod, Alan (2018-06-05). The 30 Most Influential People of World War II: A Ranking. Permuted Press. ISBN 978-1-68261-611-6.
- ↑ Parfitt, Rose (2019-01-17). The Process of International Legal Reproduction: Inequality, Historiography, Resistance. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-51519-8.
- ↑ "Ethiopia: Look to the East - Haile Selassie and the Rastafari". 2 October 2022.
- ↑ "Apr 2, 1930 CE: Haile Selassie Becomes Emperor of Ethiopia | National Geographic Society". education.nationalgeographic.org. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ Green, M. Christian (2019-05-15). Law, Religion and Human Flourishing in Africa. AFRICAN SUN MeDIA. ISBN 978-1-928314-58-5.
- ↑ "Ethiopian Constitution of 1931" (PDF). 2 October 2022.
- ↑ Evans, Mike (2009). Jimmy Carter, the Liberal Left and World Chaos: A Carter/Obama Plan that Will Not Work. Time Worthy Books. ISBN 978-0-935199-33-8.
- ↑ Brecher, Michael (2008-08-25). International Political Earthquakes. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-07001-5.
- ↑ Last, Geoffrey C.; Pankhurst, Richard (1969). A History of Ethiopia in Pictures. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-639473-2.
- ↑ Oba, Gufu (2013-07-11). Nomads in the Shadows of Empires: Contests, Conflicts and Legacies on the Southern Ethiopian-Northern Kenyan Frontier. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-25522-7.
- ↑ Udeze, Bona (2009). Why Africa?: A Continent in a Dilemma of Unanswered Questions. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 978-1-4363-9684-4.
- ↑ "Council of American Ambassadors". Council of American Ambassadors. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ Roued-Cunliffe, Henriette; Copeland, Andrea (2017-01-18). Participatory Heritage. Facet Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78330-123-2.
- ↑ "Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Haile Selassie - The Ethiopian Revolution". www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ Sbacchi, Alberto (1979). "Haile Selassie and the Italians 1941-1943". African Studies Review. 22 (1): 25–42. doi:10.2307/523424. ISSN 0002-0206. JSTOR 523424. S2CID 143495345.
- ↑ Rodriguez, Junius P. (2011). Slavery in the Modern World: A-N. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-783-8.
- ↑ Fargher, Brian L. (1996). The Origins of the New Churches Movement in Southern Ethiopia: 1927 - 1944. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-10661-1.
- ↑ Zewde, Bahru (1995). "Hayla-Sellase: From Progressive to Reactionary". Northeast African Studies. 2 (2): 99–114. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0037. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 41931205. S2CID 145611322.
- ↑ Tiruneh, Andargatchew (1980). "Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Federation (1941-1952)". Northeast African Studies. 2/3 (3/1): 99–119. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 43660059.
- ↑ "1955 revised constitution of Ethiopia" (PDF). 2 October 2022.
- ↑ "Ethiopia's Revised Constitution". Middle East Journal. 10 (2): 194–199. 1956. ISSN 0026-3141. JSTOR 4322802.
- ↑ Waal, Alexander De; Watch (Organization), Human Rights (1991). Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 978-1-56432-038-4.
- ↑ "Jubilation after Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church's 27-year-old schism is healed". World Council of Churches. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ "Our History". The Ethiopian Orthodox Archdiocese. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ Library (U.S.), Army; Army, United States Department of the (1967). Africa: Problems & Prospects: A Bibliographic Survey. Department of the Army.
- ↑ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Eritrea: report of the United Nations Commissioner in Eritrea". Refworld. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ PATEMAN, ROY (1990). "The Eritrean War". Armed Forces & Society. 17 (1): 81–98. doi:10.1177/0095327X9001700104. ISSN 0095-327X. JSTOR 45305220. S2CID 144763206.
- ↑ "May 25 1963:The Organization of African Union headed by Haile Selassie I". RastaKnowledge. 2021-05-25. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ Vestal, Theodore M. (2009). "The Lion of Judah at Camelot: U.S. Foreign Policy Towards Ethiopia as Reflected in the Second State Visit of Emperor Haile Selassie to the United States". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 4 (1/2): 135–152. ISSN 1543-4133. JSTOR 27828908.
- ↑ Schwab, Peter (1970). "The Tax System of Ethiopia". The American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 29 (1): 77–88. doi:10.1111/j.1536-7150.1970.tb03120.x. ISSN 0002-9246. JSTOR 3485226.
- ↑ Lemma, Legesse (1979). "The Ethiopian Student Movement 1960-1974: A Challenge to the Monarchy and Imperialism in Ethiopia". Northeast African Studies. 1 (2): 31–46. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 43660011.
- ↑ "Ethiopia's unforgettable famines: Here's why they really happen". 2 October 2022.
- ↑ Halliday, Fred; Molyneux, Maxine (1983). The Ethiopian Revolution. Verso.
- ↑ "Ethiopian Revolution". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ "Ethiopia: Remembering the forgotten victims". Sudan Tribune. 2 October 2022.
- ↑ ERLICH, HAGGAI (1983). "The Ethiopian Army and the 1974 Revolution". Armed Forces & Society. 9 (3): 455–481. doi:10.1177/0095327X8300900305. ISSN 0095-327X. JSTOR 45304695. S2CID 145269091.
- ↑ "Anatomy of an Overthrow: How an African Leader was Toppled – Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training". adst.org. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ Beken, Christophe van der (2012). Unity in Diversity: Federalism as a Mechanism to Accommodate Ethnic Diversity : the Case of Ethiopia. LIT Verlag Münster. ISBN 978-3-643-90172-9.
- ↑ Jessup, John E. (1998). An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-28112-9.
- ↑ Cashmore, E. (2013-10-14). Rastaman (Routledge Revivals): The Rastafarian Movement in England. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-08374-8.
- ↑ Ofcansky, Thomas P.; Shinn, David H. (2004-03-29). Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6566-2.
- ↑ "Burying the Emperor". John Ryle. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ "The Burial of Emperor Haile Selassie: Photographs by Peter Marlow". www.prm.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ Allen, Annette (2008). An Ethiopian Odyssey: A Return to the Past to Discover My Destiny. AuthorHouse. ISBN 978-1-4343-5704-5.
- ↑ Press Digest. Anasir Publishers. 2000.
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