zils
English
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Baltic *žilas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine”), the same stem as zelts (“gold”) (q.v.) and several color terms (compare dzeltens (“yellow”), zaļš (“green”). This word must have been formed relatively late, after the differentiation of Baltic and Slavic, since, unlike “yellow” and “green,” it has no counterparts among the Slavic terms for “blue.” Cognates include Lithuanian žìlas (“gray, silvery-white”).[1]
Adjective
zils (definite zilais, comparative zilāks, superlative viszilākais, adverb zili)
- blue (the same (or similar) color as, e.g., a clear sky)
- zila krāsa ― blue color
- tumši, gaiši zils ― dark, light blue
- zilas acis ― blue eyes
- zili dūmi ― blue smoke
- zilais krusts ― the blue cross (veterinarian aid sign)
- blue (having a tone or hue similar to blue when compared to other, related elements)
- zilie ceriņi ― blue lilacs
Declension
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of zils
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
nominative (nominatīvs) | zils | zili | zila | zilas | |||||
accusative (akuzatīvs) | zilu | zilus | zilu | zilas | |||||
genitive (ģenitīvs) | zila | zilu | zilas | zilu | |||||
dative (datīvs) | zilam | ziliem | zilai | zilām | |||||
instrumental (instrumentālis) | zilu | ziliem | zilu | zilām | |||||
locative (lokatīvs) | zilā | zilos | zilā | zilās | |||||
vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
See also
balts | pelēks | melns |
sarkans, sārts | oranžs; brūns | dzeltens |
zaļš | ||
zilzaļš, ciāns | zils | |
violets; zilganviolets, indigo | fuksīns; violets | rozā |
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “zils”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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