zila
Latvian
Lingala
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-gìda.
Verb
-zila
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuzila | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuzila | ukungazili | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | zila | -zile | |||||||
Plural | zilani | -zileni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyazila, ngizila | engizilayo, engizila | ngizila | angizili | engingazili | ngingazili | |||
2nd singular | uyazila, uzila | ozilayo, ozila | uzila | awuzili | ongazili | ungazili | |||
1st plural | siyazila, sizila | esizilayo, esizila | sizila | asizili | esingazili | singazili | |||
2nd plural | niyazila, nizila | enizilayo, enizila | nizila | anizili | eningazili | ningazili | |||
Class 1 | uyazila, uzila | ozilayo, ozila | ezila | akazili | ongazili | engazili | |||
Class 2 | bayazila, bazila | abazilayo, abazila | bezila | abazili | abangazili | bengazili | |||
Class 3 | uyazila, uzila | ozilayo, ozila | uzila | awuzili | ongazili | ungazili | |||
Class 4 | iyazila, izila | ezilayo, ezila | izila | ayizili | engazili | ingazili | |||
Class 5 | liyazila, lizila | elizilayo, elizila | lizila | alizili | elingazili | lingazili | |||
Class 6 | ayazila, azila | azilayo, azila | ezila | awazili | angazili | engazili | |||
Class 7 | siyazila, sizila | esizilayo, esizila | sizila | asizili | esingazili | singazili | |||
Class 8 | ziyazila, zizila | ezizilayo, ezizila | zizila | azizili | ezingazili | zingazili | |||
Class 9 | iyazila, izila | ezilayo, ezila | izila | ayizili | engazili | ingazili | |||
Class 10 | ziyazila, zizila | ezizilayo, ezizila | zizila | azizili | ezingazili | zingazili | |||
Class 11 | luyazila, luzila | oluzilayo, oluzila | luzila | aluzili | olungazili | lungazili | |||
Class 14 | buyazila, buzila | obuzilayo, obuzila | buzila | abuzili | obungazili | bungazili | |||
Class 15 | kuyazila, kuzila | okuzilayo, okuzila | kuzila | akuzili | okungazili | kungazili | |||
Class 17 | kuyazila, kuzila | okuzilayo, okuzila | kuzila | akuzili | okungazili | kungazili | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizilile, ngizilē | engizilile, engizilē | ngizilile, ngizilē | angizilanga | engingazilanga | ngingazilanga | |||
2nd singular | uzilile, uzilē | ozilile, ozilē | uzilile, uzilē | awuzilanga | ongazilanga | ungazilanga | |||
1st plural | sizilile, sizilē | esizilile, esizilē | sizilile, sizilē | asizilanga | esingazilanga | singazilanga | |||
2nd plural | nizilile, nizilē | enizilile, enizilē | nizilile, nizilē | anizilanga | eningazilanga | ningazilanga | |||
Class 1 | uzilile, uzilē | ozilile, ozilē | ezilile, ezilē | akazilanga | ongazilanga | engazilanga | |||
Class 2 | bazilile, bazilē | abazilile, abazilē | bezilile, bezilē | abazilanga | abangazilanga | bengazilanga | |||
Class 3 | uzilile, uzilē | ozilile, ozilē | uzilile, uzilē | awuzilanga | ongazilanga | ungazilanga | |||
Class 4 | izilile, izilē | ezilile, ezilē | izilile, izilē | ayizilanga | engazilanga | ingazilanga | |||
Class 5 | lizilile, lizilē | elizilile, elizilē | lizilile, lizilē | alizilanga | elingazilanga | lingazilanga | |||
Class 6 | azilile, azilē | azilile, azilē | ezilile, ezilē | awazilanga | angazilanga | engazilanga | |||
Class 7 | sizilile, sizilē | esizilile, esizilē | sizilile, sizilē | asizilanga | esingazilanga | singazilanga | |||
Class 8 | zizilile, zizilē | ezizilile, ezizilē | zizilile, zizilē | azizilanga | ezingazilanga | zingazilanga | |||
Class 9 | izilile, izilē | ezilile, ezilē | izilile, izilē | ayizilanga | engazilanga | ingazilanga | |||
Class 10 | zizilile, zizilē | ezizilile, ezizilē | zizilile, zizilē | azizilanga | ezingazilanga | zingazilanga | |||
Class 11 | luzilile, luzilē | oluzilile, oluzilē | luzilile, luzilē | aluzilanga | olungazilanga | lungazilanga | |||
Class 14 | buzilile, buzilē | obuzilile, obuzilē | buzilile, buzilē | abuzilanga | obungazilanga | bungazilanga | |||
Class 15 | kuzilile, kuzilē | okuzilile, okuzilē | kuzilile, kuzilē | akuzilanga | okungazilanga | kungazilanga | |||
Class 17 | kuzilile, kuzilē | okuzilile, okuzilē | kuzilile, kuzilē | akuzilanga | okungazilanga | kungazilanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāzila | engāzila | ngāzila | angizilanga | engingazilanga | ngingazilanga | |||
2nd singular | wāzila | owāzila | wāzila | awuzilanga | ongazilanga | ungazilanga | |||
1st plural | sāzila | esāzila | sāzila | asizilanga | esingazilanga | singazilanga | |||
2nd plural | nāzila | enāzila | nāzila | anizilanga | eningazilanga | ningazilanga | |||
Class 1 | wāzila | owāzila | āzila | akazilanga | ongazilanga | engazilanga | |||
Class 2 | bāzila | abāzila | bāzila | abazilanga | abangazilanga | bengazilanga | |||
Class 3 | wāzila | owāzila | wāzila | awuzilanga | ongazilanga | ungazilanga | |||
Class 4 | yāzila | eyāzila | yāzila | ayizilanga | engazilanga | ingazilanga | |||
Class 5 | lāzila | elāzila | lāzila | alizilanga | elingazilanga | lingazilanga | |||
Class 6 | āzila | āzila | āzila | awazilanga | angazilanga | engazilanga | |||
Class 7 | sāzila | esāzila | sāzila | asizilanga | esingazilanga | singazilanga | |||
Class 8 | zāzila | ezāzila | zāzila | azizilanga | ezingazilanga | zingazilanga | |||
Class 9 | yāzila | eyāzila | yāzila | ayizilanga | engazilanga | ingazilanga | |||
Class 10 | zāzila | ezāzila | zāzila | azizilanga | ezingazilanga | zingazilanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāzila | olwāzila | lwāzila | aluzilanga | olungazilanga | lungazilanga | |||
Class 14 | bāzila | obāzila | bāzila | abuzilanga | obungazilanga | bungazilanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāzila | okwāzila | kwāzila | akuzilanga | okungazilanga | kungazilanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāzila | okwāzila | kwāzila | akuzilanga | okungazilanga | kungazilanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingazila | — | ngingazila | ngingezile | — | ngingezile | |||
2nd singular | ungazila | — | ungazila | ungezile | — | ungezile | |||
1st plural | singazila | — | singazila | singezile | — | singezile | |||
2nd plural | ningazila | — | ningazila | ningezile | — | ningezile | |||
Class 1 | angazila | — | engazila | angezile | — | engezile | |||
Class 2 | bangazila | — | bengazila | bangezile | — | bengezile | |||
Class 3 | ungazila | — | ungazila | ungezile | — | ungezile | |||
Class 4 | ingazila | — | ingazila | ingezile | — | ingezile | |||
Class 5 | lingazila | — | lingazila | lingezile | — | lingezile | |||
Class 6 | angazila | — | engazila | angezile | — | engezile | |||
Class 7 | singazila | — | singazila | singezile | — | singezile | |||
Class 8 | zingazila | — | zingazila | zingezile | — | zingezile | |||
Class 9 | ingazila | — | ingazila | ingezile | — | ingezile | |||
Class 10 | zingazila | — | zingazila | zingezile | — | zingezile | |||
Class 11 | lungazila | — | lungazila | lungezile | — | lungezile | |||
Class 14 | bungazila | — | bungazila | bungezile | — | bungezile | |||
Class 15 | kungazila | — | kungazila | kungezile | — | kungezile | |||
Class 17 | kungazila | — | kungazila | kungezile | — | kungezile | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizozila | engizozila | ngizozila | angizuzila | engingezuzila | ngingezuzila | |||
2nd singular | uzozila | ozozila | uzozila | awuzuzila | ongezuzila | ungezuzila | |||
1st plural | sizozila | esizozila | sizozila | asizuzila | esingezuzila | singezuzila | |||
2nd plural | nizozila | enizozila | nizozila | anizuzila | eningezuzila | ningezuzila | |||
Class 1 | uzozila | ozozila | ezozila | akazuzila | ongezuzila | engezuzila | |||
Class 2 | bazozila | abazozila | bezozila | abazuzila | abangezuzila | bengezuzila | |||
Class 3 | uzozila | ozozila | uzozila | awuzuzila | ongezuzila | ungezuzila | |||
Class 4 | izozila | ezozila | izozila | ayizuzila | engezuzila | ingezuzila | |||
Class 5 | lizozila | elizozila | lizozila | alizuzila | elingezuzila | lingezuzila | |||
Class 6 | azozila | azozila | ezozila | awazuzila | angezuzila | engezuzila | |||
Class 7 | sizozila | esizozila | sizozila | asizuzila | esingezuzila | singezuzila | |||
Class 8 | zizozila | ezizozila | zizozila | azizuzila | ezingezuzila | zingezuzila | |||
Class 9 | izozila | ezozila | izozila | ayizuzila | engezuzila | ingezuzila | |||
Class 10 | zizozila | ezizozila | zizozila | azizuzila | ezingezuzila | zingezuzila | |||
Class 11 | luzozila | oluzozila | luzozila | aluzuzila | olungezuzila | lungezuzila | |||
Class 14 | buzozila | obuzozila | buzozila | abuzuzila | obungezuzila | bungezuzila | |||
Class 15 | kuzozila | okuzozila | kuzozila | akuzuzila | okungezuzila | kungezuzila | |||
Class 17 | kuzozila | okuzozila | kuzozila | akuzuzila | okungezuzila | kungezuzila | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyozila | engiyozila | ngiyozila | angiyuzila | engingeyuzila | ngingeyuzila | |||
2nd singular | uyozila | oyozila | uyozila | awuyuzila | ongeyuzila | ungeyuzila | |||
1st plural | siyozila | esiyozila | siyozila | asiyuzila | esingeyuzila | singeyuzila | |||
2nd plural | niyozila | eniyozila | niyozila | aniyuzila | eningeyuzila | ningeyuzila | |||
Class 1 | uyozila | oyozila | eyozila | akayuzila | ongeyuzila | engeyuzila | |||
Class 2 | bayozila | abayozila | beyozila | abayuzila | abangeyuzila | bengeyuzila | |||
Class 3 | uyozila | oyozila | uyozila | awuyuzila | ongeyuzila | ungeyuzila | |||
Class 4 | iyozila | eyozila | iyozila | ayiyuzila | engeyuzila | ingeyuzila | |||
Class 5 | liyozila | eliyozila | liyozila | aliyuzila | elingeyuzila | lingeyuzila | |||
Class 6 | ayozila | ayozila | eyozila | awayuzila | angeyuzila | engeyuzila | |||
Class 7 | siyozila | esiyozila | siyozila | asiyuzila | esingeyuzila | singeyuzila | |||
Class 8 | ziyozila | eziyozila | ziyozila | aziyuzila | ezingeyuzila | zingeyuzila | |||
Class 9 | iyozila | eyozila | iyozila | ayiyuzila | engeyuzila | ingeyuzila | |||
Class 10 | ziyozila | eziyozila | ziyozila | aziyuzila | ezingeyuzila | zingeyuzila | |||
Class 11 | luyozila | oluyozila | luyozila | aluyuzila | olungeyuzila | lungeyuzila | |||
Class 14 | buyozila | obuyozila | buyozila | abuyuzila | obungeyuzila | bungeyuzila | |||
Class 15 | kuyozila | okuyozila | kuyozila | akuyuzila | okungeyuzila | kungeyuzila | |||
Class 17 | kuyozila | okuyozila | kuyozila | akuyuzila | okungeyuzila | kungeyuzila | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngizile | ngingazili | |||||||
2nd singular | uzile | ungazili | |||||||
1st plural | sizile | singazili | |||||||
2nd plural | nizile | ningazili | |||||||
Class 1 | azile | angazili | |||||||
Class 2 | bazile | bangazili | |||||||
Class 3 | uzile | ungazili | |||||||
Class 4 | izile | ingazili | |||||||
Class 5 | lizile | lingazili | |||||||
Class 6 | azile | angazili | |||||||
Class 7 | sizile | singazili | |||||||
Class 8 | zizile | zingazili | |||||||
Class 9 | izile | ingazili | |||||||
Class 10 | zizile | zingazili | |||||||
Class 11 | luzile | lungazili | |||||||
Class 14 | buzile | bungazili | |||||||
Class 15 | kuzile | kungazili | |||||||
Class 17 | kuzile | kungazili | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngazila | ngangazila, angazila, angangazila | |||||||
2nd singular | wazila | wangazila, awazila, awangazila | |||||||
1st plural | sazila | sangazila, asazila, asangazila | |||||||
2nd plural | nazila | nangazila, anazila, anangazila | |||||||
Class 1 | wazila | wangazila, akazila, akangazila | |||||||
Class 2 | bazila | bangazila, abazila, abangazila | |||||||
Class 3 | wazila | wangazila, awazila, awangazila | |||||||
Class 4 | yazila | yangazila, ayazila, ayangazila | |||||||
Class 5 | lazila | langazila, alazila, alangazila | |||||||
Class 6 | azila | angazila, awazila, awangazila | |||||||
Class 7 | sazila | sangazila, asazila, asangazila | |||||||
Class 8 | zazila | zangazila, azazila, azangazila | |||||||
Class 9 | yazila | yangazila, ayazila, ayangazila | |||||||
Class 10 | zazila | zangazila, azazila, azangazila | |||||||
Class 11 | lwazila | lwangazila, alwazila, alwangazila | |||||||
Class 14 | bazila | bangazila, abazila, abangazila | |||||||
Class 15 | kwazila | kwangazila, akwazila, akwangazila | |||||||
Class 17 | kwazila | kwangazila, akwazila, akwangazila |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “zila”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “zila (6.3)”
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