zala
Kashubian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈzala/
- Syllabification: za‧la
Further reading
- Jan Trepczyk (1994) “sala”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “sala”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi
- “zala”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Lingala
Etymology
From Boloki -zala or another closely related adstrate language, where it was used only as a locational and comitative copula.
Derived terms
- -zalela
- -zalisa
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-bíada.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Old High German
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *talu, from Proto-Germanic *talō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tsala/
Declension
Related terms
Descendants
References
- Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer with grammar, notes and glossary, Second Edition
Xhosa
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *-bíada.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [z̥a̤ːla]
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *-jíjada.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [z̥a̤ːla]
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *-bíada.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /záːla/
Verb
-zála
- (transitive) to bear, to give birth to
- Synonym: -beletha
- (transitive) to beget, to generate
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuzala | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuzala | ukungazali | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | zala | -zale | |||||||
Plural | zalani | -zaleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyazala, ngizala | engizalayo, engizala | ngizala | angizali | engingazali | ngingazali | |||
2nd singular | uyazala, uzala | ozalayo, ozala | uzala | awuzali | ongazali | ungazali | |||
1st plural | siyazala, sizala | esizalayo, esizala | sizala | asizali | esingazali | singazali | |||
2nd plural | niyazala, nizala | enizalayo, enizala | nizala | anizali | eningazali | ningazali | |||
Class 1 | uyazala, uzala | ozalayo, ozala | ezala | akazali | ongazali | engazali | |||
Class 2 | bayazala, bazala | abazalayo, abazala | bezala | abazali | abangazali | bengazali | |||
Class 3 | uyazala, uzala | ozalayo, ozala | uzala | awuzali | ongazali | ungazali | |||
Class 4 | iyazala, izala | ezalayo, ezala | izala | ayizali | engazali | ingazali | |||
Class 5 | liyazala, lizala | elizalayo, elizala | lizala | alizali | elingazali | lingazali | |||
Class 6 | ayazala, azala | azalayo, azala | ezala | awazali | angazali | engazali | |||
Class 7 | siyazala, sizala | esizalayo, esizala | sizala | asizali | esingazali | singazali | |||
Class 8 | ziyazala, zizala | ezizalayo, ezizala | zizala | azizali | ezingazali | zingazali | |||
Class 9 | iyazala, izala | ezalayo, ezala | izala | ayizali | engazali | ingazali | |||
Class 10 | ziyazala, zizala | ezizalayo, ezizala | zizala | azizali | ezingazali | zingazali | |||
Class 11 | luyazala, luzala | oluzalayo, oluzala | luzala | aluzali | olungazali | lungazali | |||
Class 14 | buyazala, buzala | obuzalayo, obuzala | buzala | abuzali | obungazali | bungazali | |||
Class 15 | kuyazala, kuzala | okuzalayo, okuzala | kuzala | akuzali | okungazali | kungazali | |||
Class 17 | kuyazala, kuzala | okuzalayo, okuzala | kuzala | akuzali | okungazali | kungazali | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizalile, ngizalē | engizalile, engizalē | ngizalile, ngizalē | angizalanga | engingazalanga | ngingazalanga | |||
2nd singular | uzalile, uzalē | ozalile, ozalē | uzalile, uzalē | awuzalanga | ongazalanga | ungazalanga | |||
1st plural | sizalile, sizalē | esizalile, esizalē | sizalile, sizalē | asizalanga | esingazalanga | singazalanga | |||
2nd plural | nizalile, nizalē | enizalile, enizalē | nizalile, nizalē | anizalanga | eningazalanga | ningazalanga | |||
Class 1 | uzalile, uzalē | ozalile, ozalē | ezalile, ezalē | akazalanga | ongazalanga | engazalanga | |||
Class 2 | bazalile, bazalē | abazalile, abazalē | bezalile, bezalē | abazalanga | abangazalanga | bengazalanga | |||
Class 3 | uzalile, uzalē | ozalile, ozalē | uzalile, uzalē | awuzalanga | ongazalanga | ungazalanga | |||
Class 4 | izalile, izalē | ezalile, ezalē | izalile, izalē | ayizalanga | engazalanga | ingazalanga | |||
Class 5 | lizalile, lizalē | elizalile, elizalē | lizalile, lizalē | alizalanga | elingazalanga | lingazalanga | |||
Class 6 | azalile, azalē | azalile, azalē | ezalile, ezalē | awazalanga | angazalanga | engazalanga | |||
Class 7 | sizalile, sizalē | esizalile, esizalē | sizalile, sizalē | asizalanga | esingazalanga | singazalanga | |||
Class 8 | zizalile, zizalē | ezizalile, ezizalē | zizalile, zizalē | azizalanga | ezingazalanga | zingazalanga | |||
Class 9 | izalile, izalē | ezalile, ezalē | izalile, izalē | ayizalanga | engazalanga | ingazalanga | |||
Class 10 | zizalile, zizalē | ezizalile, ezizalē | zizalile, zizalē | azizalanga | ezingazalanga | zingazalanga | |||
Class 11 | luzalile, luzalē | oluzalile, oluzalē | luzalile, luzalē | aluzalanga | olungazalanga | lungazalanga | |||
Class 14 | buzalile, buzalē | obuzalile, obuzalē | buzalile, buzalē | abuzalanga | obungazalanga | bungazalanga | |||
Class 15 | kuzalile, kuzalē | okuzalile, okuzalē | kuzalile, kuzalē | akuzalanga | okungazalanga | kungazalanga | |||
Class 17 | kuzalile, kuzalē | okuzalile, okuzalē | kuzalile, kuzalē | akuzalanga | okungazalanga | kungazalanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāzala | engāzala | ngāzala | angizalanga | engingazalanga | ngingazalanga | |||
2nd singular | wāzala | owāzala | wāzala | awuzalanga | ongazalanga | ungazalanga | |||
1st plural | sāzala | esāzala | sāzala | asizalanga | esingazalanga | singazalanga | |||
2nd plural | nāzala | enāzala | nāzala | anizalanga | eningazalanga | ningazalanga | |||
Class 1 | wāzala | owāzala | āzala | akazalanga | ongazalanga | engazalanga | |||
Class 2 | bāzala | abāzala | bāzala | abazalanga | abangazalanga | bengazalanga | |||
Class 3 | wāzala | owāzala | wāzala | awuzalanga | ongazalanga | ungazalanga | |||
Class 4 | yāzala | eyāzala | yāzala | ayizalanga | engazalanga | ingazalanga | |||
Class 5 | lāzala | elāzala | lāzala | alizalanga | elingazalanga | lingazalanga | |||
Class 6 | āzala | āzala | āzala | awazalanga | angazalanga | engazalanga | |||
Class 7 | sāzala | esāzala | sāzala | asizalanga | esingazalanga | singazalanga | |||
Class 8 | zāzala | ezāzala | zāzala | azizalanga | ezingazalanga | zingazalanga | |||
Class 9 | yāzala | eyāzala | yāzala | ayizalanga | engazalanga | ingazalanga | |||
Class 10 | zāzala | ezāzala | zāzala | azizalanga | ezingazalanga | zingazalanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāzala | olwāzala | lwāzala | aluzalanga | olungazalanga | lungazalanga | |||
Class 14 | bāzala | obāzala | bāzala | abuzalanga | obungazalanga | bungazalanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāzala | okwāzala | kwāzala | akuzalanga | okungazalanga | kungazalanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāzala | okwāzala | kwāzala | akuzalanga | okungazalanga | kungazalanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingazala | — | ngingazala | ngingezale | — | ngingezale | |||
2nd singular | ungazala | — | ungazala | ungezale | — | ungezale | |||
1st plural | singazala | — | singazala | singezale | — | singezale | |||
2nd plural | ningazala | — | ningazala | ningezale | — | ningezale | |||
Class 1 | angazala | — | engazala | angezale | — | engezale | |||
Class 2 | bangazala | — | bengazala | bangezale | — | bengezale | |||
Class 3 | ungazala | — | ungazala | ungezale | — | ungezale | |||
Class 4 | ingazala | — | ingazala | ingezale | — | ingezale | |||
Class 5 | lingazala | — | lingazala | lingezale | — | lingezale | |||
Class 6 | angazala | — | engazala | angezale | — | engezale | |||
Class 7 | singazala | — | singazala | singezale | — | singezale | |||
Class 8 | zingazala | — | zingazala | zingezale | — | zingezale | |||
Class 9 | ingazala | — | ingazala | ingezale | — | ingezale | |||
Class 10 | zingazala | — | zingazala | zingezale | — | zingezale | |||
Class 11 | lungazala | — | lungazala | lungezale | — | lungezale | |||
Class 14 | bungazala | — | bungazala | bungezale | — | bungezale | |||
Class 15 | kungazala | — | kungazala | kungezale | — | kungezale | |||
Class 17 | kungazala | — | kungazala | kungezale | — | kungezale | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizozala | engizozala | ngizozala | angizuzala | engingezuzala | ngingezuzala | |||
2nd singular | uzozala | ozozala | uzozala | awuzuzala | ongezuzala | ungezuzala | |||
1st plural | sizozala | esizozala | sizozala | asizuzala | esingezuzala | singezuzala | |||
2nd plural | nizozala | enizozala | nizozala | anizuzala | eningezuzala | ningezuzala | |||
Class 1 | uzozala | ozozala | ezozala | akazuzala | ongezuzala | engezuzala | |||
Class 2 | bazozala | abazozala | bezozala | abazuzala | abangezuzala | bengezuzala | |||
Class 3 | uzozala | ozozala | uzozala | awuzuzala | ongezuzala | ungezuzala | |||
Class 4 | izozala | ezozala | izozala | ayizuzala | engezuzala | ingezuzala | |||
Class 5 | lizozala | elizozala | lizozala | alizuzala | elingezuzala | lingezuzala | |||
Class 6 | azozala | azozala | ezozala | awazuzala | angezuzala | engezuzala | |||
Class 7 | sizozala | esizozala | sizozala | asizuzala | esingezuzala | singezuzala | |||
Class 8 | zizozala | ezizozala | zizozala | azizuzala | ezingezuzala | zingezuzala | |||
Class 9 | izozala | ezozala | izozala | ayizuzala | engezuzala | ingezuzala | |||
Class 10 | zizozala | ezizozala | zizozala | azizuzala | ezingezuzala | zingezuzala | |||
Class 11 | luzozala | oluzozala | luzozala | aluzuzala | olungezuzala | lungezuzala | |||
Class 14 | buzozala | obuzozala | buzozala | abuzuzala | obungezuzala | bungezuzala | |||
Class 15 | kuzozala | okuzozala | kuzozala | akuzuzala | okungezuzala | kungezuzala | |||
Class 17 | kuzozala | okuzozala | kuzozala | akuzuzala | okungezuzala | kungezuzala | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyozala | engiyozala | ngiyozala | angiyuzala | engingeyuzala | ngingeyuzala | |||
2nd singular | uyozala | oyozala | uyozala | awuyuzala | ongeyuzala | ungeyuzala | |||
1st plural | siyozala | esiyozala | siyozala | asiyuzala | esingeyuzala | singeyuzala | |||
2nd plural | niyozala | eniyozala | niyozala | aniyuzala | eningeyuzala | ningeyuzala | |||
Class 1 | uyozala | oyozala | eyozala | akayuzala | ongeyuzala | engeyuzala | |||
Class 2 | bayozala | abayozala | beyozala | abayuzala | abangeyuzala | bengeyuzala | |||
Class 3 | uyozala | oyozala | uyozala | awuyuzala | ongeyuzala | ungeyuzala | |||
Class 4 | iyozala | eyozala | iyozala | ayiyuzala | engeyuzala | ingeyuzala | |||
Class 5 | liyozala | eliyozala | liyozala | aliyuzala | elingeyuzala | lingeyuzala | |||
Class 6 | ayozala | ayozala | eyozala | awayuzala | angeyuzala | engeyuzala | |||
Class 7 | siyozala | esiyozala | siyozala | asiyuzala | esingeyuzala | singeyuzala | |||
Class 8 | ziyozala | eziyozala | ziyozala | aziyuzala | ezingeyuzala | zingeyuzala | |||
Class 9 | iyozala | eyozala | iyozala | ayiyuzala | engeyuzala | ingeyuzala | |||
Class 10 | ziyozala | eziyozala | ziyozala | aziyuzala | ezingeyuzala | zingeyuzala | |||
Class 11 | luyozala | oluyozala | luyozala | aluyuzala | olungeyuzala | lungeyuzala | |||
Class 14 | buyozala | obuyozala | buyozala | abuyuzala | obungeyuzala | bungeyuzala | |||
Class 15 | kuyozala | okuyozala | kuyozala | akuyuzala | okungeyuzala | kungeyuzala | |||
Class 17 | kuyozala | okuyozala | kuyozala | akuyuzala | okungeyuzala | kungeyuzala | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngizale | ngingazali | |||||||
2nd singular | uzale | ungazali | |||||||
1st plural | sizale | singazali | |||||||
2nd plural | nizale | ningazali | |||||||
Class 1 | azale | angazali | |||||||
Class 2 | bazale | bangazali | |||||||
Class 3 | uzale | ungazali | |||||||
Class 4 | izale | ingazali | |||||||
Class 5 | lizale | lingazali | |||||||
Class 6 | azale | angazali | |||||||
Class 7 | sizale | singazali | |||||||
Class 8 | zizale | zingazali | |||||||
Class 9 | izale | ingazali | |||||||
Class 10 | zizale | zingazali | |||||||
Class 11 | luzale | lungazali | |||||||
Class 14 | buzale | bungazali | |||||||
Class 15 | kuzale | kungazali | |||||||
Class 17 | kuzale | kungazali | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngazala | ngangazala, angazala, angangazala | |||||||
2nd singular | wazala | wangazala, awazala, awangazala | |||||||
1st plural | sazala | sangazala, asazala, asangazala | |||||||
2nd plural | nazala | nangazala, anazala, anangazala | |||||||
Class 1 | wazala | wangazala, akazala, akangazala | |||||||
Class 2 | bazala | bangazala, abazala, abangazala | |||||||
Class 3 | wazala | wangazala, awazala, awangazala | |||||||
Class 4 | yazala | yangazala, ayazala, ayangazala | |||||||
Class 5 | lazala | langazala, alazala, alangazala | |||||||
Class 6 | azala | angazala, awazala, awangazala | |||||||
Class 7 | sazala | sangazala, asazala, asangazala | |||||||
Class 8 | zazala | zangazala, azazala, azangazala | |||||||
Class 9 | yazala | yangazala, ayazala, ayangazala | |||||||
Class 10 | zazala | zangazala, azazala, azangazala | |||||||
Class 11 | lwazala | lwangazala, alwazala, alwangazala | |||||||
Class 14 | bazala | bangazala, abazala, abangazala | |||||||
Class 15 | kwazala | kwangazala, akwazala, akwangazala | |||||||
Class 17 | kwazala | kwangazala, akwazala, akwangazala |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “zala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “zala (8-3.9)”
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *-jíjada.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /záːla/
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuzala | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuzala | ukungazali | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | zala | -zale | |||||||
Plural | zalani | -zaleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyazala, ngizala | engizalayo, engizala | ngizala | angizali | engingazali | ngingazali | |||
2nd singular | uyazala, uzala | ozalayo, ozala | uzala | awuzali | ongazali | ungazali | |||
1st plural | siyazala, sizala | esizalayo, esizala | sizala | asizali | esingazali | singazali | |||
2nd plural | niyazala, nizala | enizalayo, enizala | nizala | anizali | eningazali | ningazali | |||
Class 1 | uyazala, uzala | ozalayo, ozala | ezala | akazali | ongazali | engazali | |||
Class 2 | bayazala, bazala | abazalayo, abazala | bezala | abazali | abangazali | bengazali | |||
Class 3 | uyazala, uzala | ozalayo, ozala | uzala | awuzali | ongazali | ungazali | |||
Class 4 | iyazala, izala | ezalayo, ezala | izala | ayizali | engazali | ingazali | |||
Class 5 | liyazala, lizala | elizalayo, elizala | lizala | alizali | elingazali | lingazali | |||
Class 6 | ayazala, azala | azalayo, azala | ezala | awazali | angazali | engazali | |||
Class 7 | siyazala, sizala | esizalayo, esizala | sizala | asizali | esingazali | singazali | |||
Class 8 | ziyazala, zizala | ezizalayo, ezizala | zizala | azizali | ezingazali | zingazali | |||
Class 9 | iyazala, izala | ezalayo, ezala | izala | ayizali | engazali | ingazali | |||
Class 10 | ziyazala, zizala | ezizalayo, ezizala | zizala | azizali | ezingazali | zingazali | |||
Class 11 | luyazala, luzala | oluzalayo, oluzala | luzala | aluzali | olungazali | lungazali | |||
Class 14 | buyazala, buzala | obuzalayo, obuzala | buzala | abuzali | obungazali | bungazali | |||
Class 15 | kuyazala, kuzala | okuzalayo, okuzala | kuzala | akuzali | okungazali | kungazali | |||
Class 17 | kuyazala, kuzala | okuzalayo, okuzala | kuzala | akuzali | okungazali | kungazali | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizalile, ngizalē | engizalile, engizalē | ngizalile, ngizalē | angizalanga | engingazalanga | ngingazalanga | |||
2nd singular | uzalile, uzalē | ozalile, ozalē | uzalile, uzalē | awuzalanga | ongazalanga | ungazalanga | |||
1st plural | sizalile, sizalē | esizalile, esizalē | sizalile, sizalē | asizalanga | esingazalanga | singazalanga | |||
2nd plural | nizalile, nizalē | enizalile, enizalē | nizalile, nizalē | anizalanga | eningazalanga | ningazalanga | |||
Class 1 | uzalile, uzalē | ozalile, ozalē | ezalile, ezalē | akazalanga | ongazalanga | engazalanga | |||
Class 2 | bazalile, bazalē | abazalile, abazalē | bezalile, bezalē | abazalanga | abangazalanga | bengazalanga | |||
Class 3 | uzalile, uzalē | ozalile, ozalē | uzalile, uzalē | awuzalanga | ongazalanga | ungazalanga | |||
Class 4 | izalile, izalē | ezalile, ezalē | izalile, izalē | ayizalanga | engazalanga | ingazalanga | |||
Class 5 | lizalile, lizalē | elizalile, elizalē | lizalile, lizalē | alizalanga | elingazalanga | lingazalanga | |||
Class 6 | azalile, azalē | azalile, azalē | ezalile, ezalē | awazalanga | angazalanga | engazalanga | |||
Class 7 | sizalile, sizalē | esizalile, esizalē | sizalile, sizalē | asizalanga | esingazalanga | singazalanga | |||
Class 8 | zizalile, zizalē | ezizalile, ezizalē | zizalile, zizalē | azizalanga | ezingazalanga | zingazalanga | |||
Class 9 | izalile, izalē | ezalile, ezalē | izalile, izalē | ayizalanga | engazalanga | ingazalanga | |||
Class 10 | zizalile, zizalē | ezizalile, ezizalē | zizalile, zizalē | azizalanga | ezingazalanga | zingazalanga | |||
Class 11 | luzalile, luzalē | oluzalile, oluzalē | luzalile, luzalē | aluzalanga | olungazalanga | lungazalanga | |||
Class 14 | buzalile, buzalē | obuzalile, obuzalē | buzalile, buzalē | abuzalanga | obungazalanga | bungazalanga | |||
Class 15 | kuzalile, kuzalē | okuzalile, okuzalē | kuzalile, kuzalē | akuzalanga | okungazalanga | kungazalanga | |||
Class 17 | kuzalile, kuzalē | okuzalile, okuzalē | kuzalile, kuzalē | akuzalanga | okungazalanga | kungazalanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāzala | engāzala | ngāzala | angizalanga | engingazalanga | ngingazalanga | |||
2nd singular | wāzala | owāzala | wāzala | awuzalanga | ongazalanga | ungazalanga | |||
1st plural | sāzala | esāzala | sāzala | asizalanga | esingazalanga | singazalanga | |||
2nd plural | nāzala | enāzala | nāzala | anizalanga | eningazalanga | ningazalanga | |||
Class 1 | wāzala | owāzala | āzala | akazalanga | ongazalanga | engazalanga | |||
Class 2 | bāzala | abāzala | bāzala | abazalanga | abangazalanga | bengazalanga | |||
Class 3 | wāzala | owāzala | wāzala | awuzalanga | ongazalanga | ungazalanga | |||
Class 4 | yāzala | eyāzala | yāzala | ayizalanga | engazalanga | ingazalanga | |||
Class 5 | lāzala | elāzala | lāzala | alizalanga | elingazalanga | lingazalanga | |||
Class 6 | āzala | āzala | āzala | awazalanga | angazalanga | engazalanga | |||
Class 7 | sāzala | esāzala | sāzala | asizalanga | esingazalanga | singazalanga | |||
Class 8 | zāzala | ezāzala | zāzala | azizalanga | ezingazalanga | zingazalanga | |||
Class 9 | yāzala | eyāzala | yāzala | ayizalanga | engazalanga | ingazalanga | |||
Class 10 | zāzala | ezāzala | zāzala | azizalanga | ezingazalanga | zingazalanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāzala | olwāzala | lwāzala | aluzalanga | olungazalanga | lungazalanga | |||
Class 14 | bāzala | obāzala | bāzala | abuzalanga | obungazalanga | bungazalanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāzala | okwāzala | kwāzala | akuzalanga | okungazalanga | kungazalanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāzala | okwāzala | kwāzala | akuzalanga | okungazalanga | kungazalanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingazala | — | ngingazala | ngingezale | — | ngingezale | |||
2nd singular | ungazala | — | ungazala | ungezale | — | ungezale | |||
1st plural | singazala | — | singazala | singezale | — | singezale | |||
2nd plural | ningazala | — | ningazala | ningezale | — | ningezale | |||
Class 1 | angazala | — | engazala | angezale | — | engezale | |||
Class 2 | bangazala | — | bengazala | bangezale | — | bengezale | |||
Class 3 | ungazala | — | ungazala | ungezale | — | ungezale | |||
Class 4 | ingazala | — | ingazala | ingezale | — | ingezale | |||
Class 5 | lingazala | — | lingazala | lingezale | — | lingezale | |||
Class 6 | angazala | — | engazala | angezale | — | engezale | |||
Class 7 | singazala | — | singazala | singezale | — | singezale | |||
Class 8 | zingazala | — | zingazala | zingezale | — | zingezale | |||
Class 9 | ingazala | — | ingazala | ingezale | — | ingezale | |||
Class 10 | zingazala | — | zingazala | zingezale | — | zingezale | |||
Class 11 | lungazala | — | lungazala | lungezale | — | lungezale | |||
Class 14 | bungazala | — | bungazala | bungezale | — | bungezale | |||
Class 15 | kungazala | — | kungazala | kungezale | — | kungezale | |||
Class 17 | kungazala | — | kungazala | kungezale | — | kungezale | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizozala | engizozala | ngizozala | angizuzala | engingezuzala | ngingezuzala | |||
2nd singular | uzozala | ozozala | uzozala | awuzuzala | ongezuzala | ungezuzala | |||
1st plural | sizozala | esizozala | sizozala | asizuzala | esingezuzala | singezuzala | |||
2nd plural | nizozala | enizozala | nizozala | anizuzala | eningezuzala | ningezuzala | |||
Class 1 | uzozala | ozozala | ezozala | akazuzala | ongezuzala | engezuzala | |||
Class 2 | bazozala | abazozala | bezozala | abazuzala | abangezuzala | bengezuzala | |||
Class 3 | uzozala | ozozala | uzozala | awuzuzala | ongezuzala | ungezuzala | |||
Class 4 | izozala | ezozala | izozala | ayizuzala | engezuzala | ingezuzala | |||
Class 5 | lizozala | elizozala | lizozala | alizuzala | elingezuzala | lingezuzala | |||
Class 6 | azozala | azozala | ezozala | awazuzala | angezuzala | engezuzala | |||
Class 7 | sizozala | esizozala | sizozala | asizuzala | esingezuzala | singezuzala | |||
Class 8 | zizozala | ezizozala | zizozala | azizuzala | ezingezuzala | zingezuzala | |||
Class 9 | izozala | ezozala | izozala | ayizuzala | engezuzala | ingezuzala | |||
Class 10 | zizozala | ezizozala | zizozala | azizuzala | ezingezuzala | zingezuzala | |||
Class 11 | luzozala | oluzozala | luzozala | aluzuzala | olungezuzala | lungezuzala | |||
Class 14 | buzozala | obuzozala | buzozala | abuzuzala | obungezuzala | bungezuzala | |||
Class 15 | kuzozala | okuzozala | kuzozala | akuzuzala | okungezuzala | kungezuzala | |||
Class 17 | kuzozala | okuzozala | kuzozala | akuzuzala | okungezuzala | kungezuzala | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyozala | engiyozala | ngiyozala | angiyuzala | engingeyuzala | ngingeyuzala | |||
2nd singular | uyozala | oyozala | uyozala | awuyuzala | ongeyuzala | ungeyuzala | |||
1st plural | siyozala | esiyozala | siyozala | asiyuzala | esingeyuzala | singeyuzala | |||
2nd plural | niyozala | eniyozala | niyozala | aniyuzala | eningeyuzala | ningeyuzala | |||
Class 1 | uyozala | oyozala | eyozala | akayuzala | ongeyuzala | engeyuzala | |||
Class 2 | bayozala | abayozala | beyozala | abayuzala | abangeyuzala | bengeyuzala | |||
Class 3 | uyozala | oyozala | uyozala | awuyuzala | ongeyuzala | ungeyuzala | |||
Class 4 | iyozala | eyozala | iyozala | ayiyuzala | engeyuzala | ingeyuzala | |||
Class 5 | liyozala | eliyozala | liyozala | aliyuzala | elingeyuzala | lingeyuzala | |||
Class 6 | ayozala | ayozala | eyozala | awayuzala | angeyuzala | engeyuzala | |||
Class 7 | siyozala | esiyozala | siyozala | asiyuzala | esingeyuzala | singeyuzala | |||
Class 8 | ziyozala | eziyozala | ziyozala | aziyuzala | ezingeyuzala | zingeyuzala | |||
Class 9 | iyozala | eyozala | iyozala | ayiyuzala | engeyuzala | ingeyuzala | |||
Class 10 | ziyozala | eziyozala | ziyozala | aziyuzala | ezingeyuzala | zingeyuzala | |||
Class 11 | luyozala | oluyozala | luyozala | aluyuzala | olungeyuzala | lungeyuzala | |||
Class 14 | buyozala | obuyozala | buyozala | abuyuzala | obungeyuzala | bungeyuzala | |||
Class 15 | kuyozala | okuyozala | kuyozala | akuyuzala | okungeyuzala | kungeyuzala | |||
Class 17 | kuyozala | okuyozala | kuyozala | akuyuzala | okungeyuzala | kungeyuzala | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngizale | ngingazali | |||||||
2nd singular | uzale | ungazali | |||||||
1st plural | sizale | singazali | |||||||
2nd plural | nizale | ningazali | |||||||
Class 1 | azale | angazali | |||||||
Class 2 | bazale | bangazali | |||||||
Class 3 | uzale | ungazali | |||||||
Class 4 | izale | ingazali | |||||||
Class 5 | lizale | lingazali | |||||||
Class 6 | azale | angazali | |||||||
Class 7 | sizale | singazali | |||||||
Class 8 | zizale | zingazali | |||||||
Class 9 | izale | ingazali | |||||||
Class 10 | zizale | zingazali | |||||||
Class 11 | luzale | lungazali | |||||||
Class 14 | buzale | bungazali | |||||||
Class 15 | kuzale | kungazali | |||||||
Class 17 | kuzale | kungazali | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngazala | ngangazala, angazala, angangazala | |||||||
2nd singular | wazala | wangazala, awazala, awangazala | |||||||
1st plural | sazala | sangazala, asazala, asangazala | |||||||
2nd plural | nazala | nangazala, anazala, anangazala | |||||||
Class 1 | wazala | wangazala, akazala, akangazala | |||||||
Class 2 | bazala | bangazala, abazala, abangazala | |||||||
Class 3 | wazala | wangazala, awazala, awangazala | |||||||
Class 4 | yazala | yangazala, ayazala, ayangazala | |||||||
Class 5 | lazala | langazala, alazala, alangazala | |||||||
Class 6 | azala | angazala, awazala, awangazala | |||||||
Class 7 | sazala | sangazala, asazala, asangazala | |||||||
Class 8 | zazala | zangazala, azazala, azangazala | |||||||
Class 9 | yazala | yangazala, ayazala, ayangazala | |||||||
Class 10 | zazala | zangazala, azazala, azangazala | |||||||
Class 11 | lwazala | lwangazala, alwazala, alwangazala | |||||||
Class 14 | bazala | bangazala, abazala, abangazala | |||||||
Class 15 | kwazala | kwangazala, akwazala, akwangazala | |||||||
Class 17 | kwazala | kwangazala, akwazala, akwangazala |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “zala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “zala (8-3.9)”
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