wiek

See also: Wiek and Wíek

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch wieke, from Proto-West Germanic *weukā (flax bundle, wick), from Proto-Indo-European *weg- (to weave).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʋik/
  • (file)
  • Hyphenation: wiek
  • Rhymes: -ik

Noun

wiek f (plural wieken, diminutive wiekje n)

  1. sail of a windmill or blade on a wind turbine
  2. propeller of a helicopter or similar aircraft
  3. (archaic, poetic) wing
    Synonym: vleugel
  4. (chiefly Southern) wick
    Synonyms: lemmet, lont, pit

Derived terms

Kashubian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *věkъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈvjɛk/
  • Syllabification: wiek

Noun

wiek m inan

  1. age (number of full years, months, days, hours, etc., that someone, or something, has been alive)
  2. age (stage of life)
  3. age (particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others)
  4. age, century (particular one hundred year period, i.e. 18th century etc)
  5. age (great period in the history of the Earth)
  6. age (advanced period of life; the latter part of life; the state of being old, old age, senility; seniority)
    Synonym: starota

Derived terms

adjective
adverb
noun
  • wiecznosc

Further reading

  • Stefan Ramułt (1893) “vjek”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 253
  • Jan Trepczyk (1994) “wiek”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volume 2, page 316
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “wiek”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi, volume 2, page 1284
  • wiek”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *věkъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /vjɛk/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /vjɛk/

Noun

wiek m inan

  1. age (particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others)
    • 1916 [second half of the 15th century], Stanisław Słoński, editor, Psałterz puławski, Greater Poland, page 54 arg:
      Na koynczu wyeka zbawyenye lyudzke
      [Na końcu wieka zbawienie ludzkie]
  2. (in the plural, wieki) current age (time at which the world exists)
    • 1956 [Middle of the 15th century], Jerzy Woronczak, editor, Teksty polskie w rękopisie nr 43 Biblioteki Kapitulnej we Wrocławiu z połowy XV wieku, Silesia, page 84v:
      Novissime diebus istis locutus est (sc. deus) in filio, ... per quem fecit et secula [na] weky (Hebr 1, 2)
      [Novissime diebus istis locutus est (sc. Deus) in filio, ... per quem fecit et secula na wieki (Hebr 1, 2)-]
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  3. (in the plural, wiekowie, figurative) spirit (world within a person)
    • 1880 [15th century], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume I, page 313:
      Et edificabuntur in te deserta seculorum, gl. id est columpne, muri et tecta spiritualis edificii bądą vstawyony swyathowye albo wyekowye (Is 58, 12)
      [Et edificabuntur in te deserta seculorum, gl. id est columpne, muri et tecta spiritualis edificii będą ustawiony światowie albo wiekowie (Is 58, 12)]
  4. eternity (time without end)
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 24, 6:
      Wzpomen miloserdza twoia, gospodne, y slutowana twego, iasz od weka sø (quae a saeculo sunt)
      [Wspomień miłosierdzia twoja, Gospodnie, i slutowania twoja, jaż od wieka są (quae a saeculo sunt)]
  5. age (number of full years, months, days, hours, etc., that someone, or something, has been alive)
    • 1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 20, 12:
      Czczy otcza swego y matkø swø, abi bil dlugego wyeku (longaevus) na szemy
      [Ćci otca swego i matkę swą, aby był długiego wieku (longaevus) na ziemi]
  6. age (all years of a person's life collectively; end of the world)
    • (Can we date this quote?) [End of the 15th century], Józefa Reczka, Elżbieta Belcarzowa, editors, Glosy z rękopisu, number nr 414/11, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich we Lwowie, obecnie we Wro­cławiu, page 172:
      Hora cene, ut dicit Gregorius, est finis seculi, id est vltima etas vlg. vyek
      [Hora cene, ut dicit Gregorius, est finis seculi, id est vltima etas vlg. wiek]
  7. generation (single step or stage in the succession of natural descent)
    • 1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 15, 16:
      W czwartem potem wyeku (generatione autem quarta) sam szø wroczysz
      [W czwartem potem wieku (generatione autem quarta) sam się wroci[sz]]
  8. legal status not limited by time

Derived terms

adjectives
adverbs
  • eż do wieka
  • na wieki
  • od wieka
  • od wieków
  • przed wiekiem
  • z wieka
noun
  • sprawny wiek
verbs
  • być wszech wieków impf
adjective
adverbs
  • wiecznie
  • wieczno
  • wieczyście
  • wiekuisto
  • wiekuiście
nouns

Descendants

  • Polish: wiek
  • Silesian: wiek

References

Polish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish wiek, from Proto-Slavic *věkъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /vjɛk/
  • (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈvjɛk/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛk
  • Syllabification: wiek

Noun

wiek m inan (abbreviation w.)

  1. (uncountable) age (number of full years, months, days, hours, etc., that someone, or something, has been alive)
  2. (countable) age, century (particular one hundred year period, i.e. 18th century etc.)
    Synonym: stulecie
    Hypernym: okres
    XXI wiek21st century
  3. (countable) century (any period of one hundred years)
    Synonym: stulecie
  4. (countable) age (particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others)
    Synonyms: doba, epoka, era
    Hypernym: okres
  5. (countable, often in the plural) age (long time)
  6. (uncountable, obsolete) age (advanced period of life)
    Synonym: starość
  7. (countable) age (great period in the history of the Earth)
  8. (uncountable, obsolete) eternity (unending time)
Declension
Derived terms
adjectives
adverbs
interjection
nouns
verbs
  • nie wyglądać na swój wiek impf
  • zasnąć na wieki pf
adverb
noun

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), wiek is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 94 times in scientific texts, 19 times in news, 20 times in essays, 16 times in fiction, and 33 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 182 times, making it the 313th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /vjɛk/
  • (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈvjek/, /ˈvjɛk/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛk
  • Syllabification: wiek

Noun

wiek n

  1. genitive plural of wieko

References

  1. Ida Kurcz (1990) “wiek”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 664

Further reading

  • wiek in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • wiek in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “wiek”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Paweł Kupiszewski (12.04.2022) “WIEK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “wiek”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “wiek”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “wiek”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 563

Silesian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish wiek.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈvjɛk/
  • Rhymes: -ɛk
  • Syllabification: wiek

Noun

wiek m inan

  1. age (number of full years, months, days, hours, etc., that someone, or something, has been alive)
  2. age, century (particular one hundred year period, i.e. 18th century etc)
    Synonym: stolecie
  3. age (particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others)
    Synonyms: czasy, epoka

Declension

Derived terms

adjective
adjective
  • wiekujisty
adverbs
noun

Further reading

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