warstwa

See also: warstwą

Polish

Alternative forms
  • warsta (obsolete)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьrstva.[1][2] First attested in the 16th century.[3] Doublet of wiorsta.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈvar.stfa/
  • (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈvɒr.stfa/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -arstfa
  • Syllabification: war‧stwa

Noun

warstwa f (diminutive warstewka, related adjective warstwowy)

  1. layer; coat; film; coating (single thickness of some material covering a surface)
    1. layer (item of clothing worn under or over another)
  2. (sociology) stratum (class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status)
    Synonyms: klasa, pokład, stan
  3. (literary) layer; tier (components of a thing or phenomenon with specific features, isolated on the basis of adopted criteria)
    Synonyms: płaszczyzna, poziom
  4. (geology) layer, bed, stratum (layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout)

Declension
Declension of warstwa
singular plural
nominative warstwa warstwy
genitive warstwy warstw
dative warstwie warstwom
accusative warstwę warstwy
instrumental warstwą warstwami
locative warstwie warstwach
vocative warstwo warstwy

Derived terms
adjective
nouns
verbs

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), warstwa is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 40 times in scientific texts, 118 times in news, 4 times in essays, 6 times in fiction, and 1 time in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 169 times, making it the 342nd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[4]

References
  1. Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “warstwa”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  2. Mańczak, Witold (2017) “warstwa”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
  3. Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “warstwa”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  4. Ida Kurcz (1990) “warstwa”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 652

Further reading
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